View事件分发机制

距离我上一次写博客已经是大半年的时间了,自己一毕业之后就在做一个很大的项目,一直都没有时间去学习,去沉淀,去积累,感觉这样子的状态是不行的,所以最近又重新开始学习起来。因为我负责的部分有挺多点击,长按,滑动的事件,所以这次就分析一下android里面View的事件分发机制。

一、为什么要有事件分发

android里面的View都是树形结构的,那么几个view就有重叠在一起的可能性,当我们点击的时候,可能会有好几个view做出响应,这时候就需要明确指定这个事件谁处理,这时候就产生是事件的分发。

二、View的事件分发机制

点击事件分发里面有三个很重要的方法:

  • public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)
    用于事件的分发

  • public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)
    这个方法是在上面的那个方法里面调用的,主要是用于判断是否对事件进行拦截,如果这个view拦截了某个事件,则后续的同一个事件序列都不会调用,注意,在View里面没有提供该方法

  • public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event)
    用来处理点击事件

2.1Activity的组成

当点击事件产生之后,首先是先会传递到当前的Activity,接着是怎样继续分发的呢?这我们就要分析Activity的构成了。在Activity的onCreate()方法里面通常是要setContentView(),我们来看看:

public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
    getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
    initWindowDecorActionBar();
}

这个getWindow()究竟是什么的?

public Window getWindow() {
    return mWindow;
}

原来这个getWindow()获取的是Window类的实例,但是Window类是一个抽象类,就必须要有它的实现类,接下来我们在Activity的attach()方法里面找到了它的实现类就是PhoneWindow:

mWindow = new PhoneWindow(this, window, activityConfigCallback);

接着我们就去看PhoneWindow的setContentView()方法

@Override
public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
    if (mContentParent == null) {
        installDecor();
    } else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
        mContentParent.removeAllViews();
    }

    ......
}

这里面主要看的就是installDecor()里面的这个方法:

private void installDecor() {
    mForceDecorInstall = false;
    if (mDecor == null) {
        //关键代码部分1
        mDecor = generateDecor(-1);
        mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS);
        mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true);
        if (!mInvalidatePanelMenuPosted && mInvalidatePanelMenuFeatures != 0) {
            mDecor.postOnAnimation(mInvalidatePanelMenuRunnable);
        }
    } else {
        mDecor.setWindow(this);
    }
    if (mContentParent == null) {
       //关键代码部分2
       mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);
    }
    ...
    }

这里面只截取了一部分关键的代码,关键代码第一部分有一个变量mDecor,这个mDecor原来就是DecorView,而且这个DecorView是FrameLayout的子类,所以Activity最顶层的View是一个FrameLayout,就是这个DecorView。

new DecorView(context, featureId, this, getAttributes());
public class DecorView extends FrameLayout implements RootViewSurfaceTaker, WindowCallbacks

这时候我继续看回PhoneWindow的installDecor()里面的关键代码2的generateLayout(mDecor),它还把DecorView传了进去。

protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) {
   //根据不同的模式加载不同的布局,不同的layoutResource
   ...

  mDecor.startChanging();
  mDecor.onResourcesLoaded(mLayoutInflater, layoutResource);
  ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT);
  if (contentParent == null) {
    throw new RuntimeException("Window couldn't find content container view");
  }

  return contentParent;
}

所以一张图总结一下Activity的组成
这里写图片描述

2.2Activity事件分发机制

前面也说过了,点击事件产生之后,首先会传递到Activity里面,首先我们看看Activity的dispatchTouchEvent()方法:

public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
        onUserInteraction();
    }
    if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
        return true;
    }
    return onTouchEvent(ev);
}

从上面的代码里面可以分析出来,首先Activity会将事件分发给所依附的Window来进行分发,通过之前的分析可以得知,这个Window就是PhoneWindow,所以我们看PhoneWindow的superDispatchTouchEvent()方法。

@Override
public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
    return mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event);
}

原来PhoneWindow是直接将事件分发给DecorView,就是顶层的View,顶层的View通常就是ViewGroup,下面就来看看

2.3 ViewGroup事件分发机制

首先也是先看dispatchTouchEvent()方法

@Override
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    ...

    if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)) {
        final int action = ev.getAction();
        final int actionMasked = action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK
        // Handle an initial down.
        if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
            resetTouchState();
        }
        // Check for interception.
        final boolean intercepted;
        if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
            final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG
            if (!disallowIntercept) {
                intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
                ev.setAction(action);
            } else {
                intercepted = false;
            }
        } else {
            intercepted = true;
        }
        if (intercepted || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
            ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
        }

        ....

    return handled;
}

首先会判断是否DOWN事件,如果是的话,就会将一些状态进行清空,重置FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT标志位,把mFirstTouchTarget = null置空,因为一个完整的事件序列是由DOWN开始,UP结束的。而这个mFirstTouchTarget和FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT究竟是什么,下面会逐一解开它的面纱。

ViewGroup有两种情况需要判断是否进行拦截事件,就是事件是ACTION_DOWN或者是mFirstTouchTarget != null。第一个就很好理解,那么第二个的mFirstTouchTarget,在一开始的时候也进行了清空,其实这个是当ViewGroup的子元素处理了该事件,那么这个mFirstTouchTarget就会被赋值为这个子元素。假如ViewGroup拦截了当前事件,mFirstTouchTarget != null 就会为false,当此时触发的是DOWN事件,就会调用onInterceptTouchEvent();当如果此时触发的是MOVE或者UP事件,则不会调用onInterceptTouchEvent,直接是intercepted = true,就是说同一序列里面的其他事件都会交由ViewGroup来处理。

这里面还有一个FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT的标志位,这个通常是在子View中进行设置的,设置了这个之后,证明子View拦截了该事件,那么就会导致ViewGroup是不能拦截MOVE、UP之类的非DOWN事件。既然是子View已经拦截了该事件,那么MOVE之类的事件ViewGroup肯定就不会拦截了。那么为什么要除了DOWN事件?这很容易理解,一项开发任务,项目经理都还没有拿到有什么工作,又怎么分配给下面的程序员进行处理。只要触发的是DOWN,ViewGroup总是会调用onInterceptTouchEvent来询问自己是否要拦截该事件。

那么ViewGroup不拦截事件的时候,又是怎样分派给子View的?继续看dispatchTouchEvent里面剩余的一些代码:

final View[] children = mChildren;
for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(
            childrenCount, i, customOrder);
    final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(
            preorderedList, children, childIndex);
    // If there is a view that has accessibility focus we want it
    // to get the event first and if not handled we will perform a
    // normal dispatch. We may do a double iteration but this is
    // safer given the timeframe.
    if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
        if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
            continue;
        }
        childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
        i = childrenCount - 1;
    }
    if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
            || !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
        ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
        continue;
    }
    newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
    if (newTouchTarget != null) {
        // Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
        // Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
        newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
        break;
    }
    resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
    if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
        // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
        mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
        if (preorderedList != null) {
            // childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
            for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
                if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
                    mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
                    break;
                }
            }
        } else {
            mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
        }
        mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
        mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
        newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
        alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
        break;
    }
    // The accessibility focus didn't handle the event, so clear
    // the flag and do a normal dispatch to all children.
    ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
}
if (preorderedList != null) preorderedList.clear();

首先它会去遍历ViewGroup的子元素,判断该子View是否正在播放动画或者是触摸的区域是否在子View的区域范围之内。符合这两个条件的,就会去调用dispatchTransformedTouchEvent()方法。

private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel,
        View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
    final boolean handled;
    final int oldAction = event.getAction();
    if (cancel || oldAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) {
        event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
        if (child == null) {
            handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
        } else {
            handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
        }
        event.setAction(oldAction);
        return handled;
    }
    ...
    return handled;
}

如果子View是非空的话,则会调用子View的dispatchTouchEvent方法,若是为空的话,就会调用父类的dispatchTouchEvent。
如果子View的dispatchTouchEvent返回true的话,ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent方法里面,就会为一开始说的mFirstTouchTarget赋值了

private TouchTarget addTouchTarget(@NonNull View child, int pointerIdBits) {
    final TouchTarget target = TouchTarget.obtain(child, pointerIdBits);
    target.next = mFirstTouchTarget;
    mFirstTouchTarget = target;
    return target;
}

如果遍历了所有的子元素,还是没有被处理掉,这通常是有两种情况,就是子元素为空,第二种就是子元素处理了dispatchToucheEvent(),但是返回了false。当出现这种情况的话,就会自己来处理,相当于项目经理分配给你的任务,你能力不够不能处理,那么就只好把任务给回项目经理,由他自己处理。

if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
    // No touch targets so treat this as an ordinary view.
    handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
            TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
}

同样也是调用回dispatchTransformedTouchEvent,但是因为第三个参数是为null,所以就相当于调用View的dispatchTouchEvent(),就是说这个点击事件交由View来处理。

2.3View的点击事件处理

因为View已经是一个单独的元素了,不能再分发给下面的了,所以这里只能自己处理了。

public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
    // If the event should be handled by accessibility focus first.
    if (event.isTargetAccessibilityFocus()) {
        // We don't have focus or no virtual descendant has it, do not handle the event.
        if (!isAccessibilityFocusedViewOrHost()) {
            return false;
        }
        // We have focus and got the event, then use normal event dispatch.
        event.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
    }
    boolean result = false;
    if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
        mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(event, 0);
    }
    final int actionMasked = event.getActionMasked();
    if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
        // Defensive cleanup for new gesture
        stopNestedScroll();
    }
    if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
        if ((mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED && handleScrollBarDragging(event)) {
            result = true;
        }
        //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
        ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
        if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
                && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
                && li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
            result = true;
        }
        if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
            result = true;
        }
    }
    ...
    return result;
}

这里首先会判断View是否设置了OnTouchListener,并且OnTouchListener里面的onTouch()返回了true,如果是的话就不会调用onTouchEvent()方法。这里面就是证实了OnToucheListener > onToucheEvent,OnTouchListener的优先级会高一些。
接下来我们看看onTouchEvent

public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
    final float x = event.getX();
    final float y = event.getY();
    final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
    final int action = event.getAction();
    final boolean clickable = ((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE
            || (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE)
            || (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE;
    if ((viewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == DISABLED) {
        if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP && (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) 
            setPressed(false);
        }
        mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;
        // A disabled view that is clickable still consumes the touch
        // events, it just doesn't respond to them.
        return clickable;
    }
    if (mTouchDelegate != null) {
        if (mTouchDelegate.onTouchEvent(event)) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    if (clickable || (viewFlags & TOOLTIP) == TOOLTIP) {
        switch (action) {
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;
                if ((viewFlags & TOOLTIP) == TOOLTIP) {
                    handleTooltipUp();
                }
                if (!clickable) {
                    removeTapCallback();
                    removeLongPressCallback();
                    mInContextButtonPress = false;
                    mHasPerformedLongPress = false;
                    mIgnoreNextUpEvent = false;
                    break;
                }
                boolean prepressed = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PREPRESSED) != 0;
                if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0 || prepressed) {
                    // take focus if we don't have it already and we should in
                    // touch mode.
                    boolean focusTaken = false;
                    if (isFocusable() && isFocusableInTouchMode() && !isFocused
                        focusTaken = requestFocus();
                    }
                    if (prepressed) {
                        // The button is being released before we actually
                        // showed it as pressed.  Make it show the pressed
                        // state now (before scheduling the click) to ensure
                        // the user sees it.
                        setPressed(true, x, y);
                    }
                    if (!mHasPerformedLongPress && !mIgnoreNextUpEvent) {
                        // This is a tap, so remove the longpress check
                        removeLongPressCallback();
                        // Only perform take click actions if we were in the pr
                        if (!focusTaken) {
                            // Use a Runnable and post this rather than calling
                            // performClick directly. This lets other visual st
                            // of the view update before click actions start.
                            if (mPerformClick == null) {
                                mPerformClick = new PerformClick();
                            }
                            if (!post(mPerformClick)) {
                                performClick();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (mUnsetPressedState == null) {
                        mUnsetPressedState = new UnsetPressedState();
                    }
                    if (prepressed) {
                        postDelayed(mUnsetPressedState,
                                ViewConfiguration.getPressedStateDuration());
                    } else if (!post(mUnsetPressedState)) {
                        // If the post failed, unpress right now
                        mUnsetPressedState.run();
                    }
                    removeTapCallback();
                }
                mIgnoreNextUpEvent = false;
                break;

      ...
        }
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

通过这里可以发现只要clickable是LONG_CLICKABLE或者是CLICKABLE的其中一个,那么onTouchEvent就相当于true消费了这个事件。这两个值就是相当于长按或者是短按,通过setClickable和setLongClickable设置,也可以通过setOnClickListener和setOnLongClickListener来自动设置。接着在UP事件里面就会调用performClick方法

public boolean performClick() {
    final boolean result;
    final ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
    if (li != null && li.mOnClickListener != null) {
        playSoundEffect(SoundEffectConstants.CLICK);
        li.mOnClickListener.onClick(this);
        result = true;
    } else {
        result = false;
    }
    sendAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED);
    notifyEnterOrExitForAutoFillIfNeeded(true);
    return result;
}

peformClick()这里同样是判断是否设置了OnClickListener,进而调用内部的onClick方法。

三、总结

套用别人总结的一段代码来总结:

public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent e){
    boolean result = false;
    if (onInterpertTouchEvent(e)){
        result = onTouchEvent(e);
    }else{
        result = child.dispatchTouchEvent(e);
    }
    return result;
}

任何的点击事件首先都会先调用dispatchTouchEvent,根据onInterceptTouchEvent()判断是否进行拦截,若是拦截的话就会调用自身的onTouchEvent(),若自己不拦截的话就会传递给它的子元素的dispatchTouchEvent继续进行判断。若传递到最底层,还是没有被消费,该事件就会往回传递,从下往上传递。

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