目录
网络通信协议
TCP协议
使用 TCP 协议前,须先建立 TCP 连接,形成传输数据通道
传输前,采用 “三次握手” 方式,点对点通信,是可靠的
TCP 协议进行通信的两个应用进程:客户端、服务端
在连接中可进行大数据量的传输
传输完毕,需释放已建立的连接,相比 UDP 效率低
UDP协议
将数据、源、目的封装成数据包,不需要建立连接
每个数据报的大小限制在 64 K内
发送不管对方是否准备好,接收方收到也不确认,故是不可靠的
可以广播发送
发送数据结束时无需释放资源,开销小,速度快
利用TCP交互文本信息
先启动服务端,再启动客户端
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TCPTest {
//客户端
@Test
public void client(){
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1. 创建Socket对象,指明服务器端的IP和端口号
InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
socket = new Socket(inet,1234);
//2. 获取一个输出流,用于输出数据
os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3. 写入数据操作
os.write("你好,我是客户端".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//4. 资源关闭
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
@Test
public void server(){
ServerSocket ss = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1. 创建服务器端的ServerSocket,指明自己的端口号
ss = new ServerSocket(1234);
//2. 调用accept表示接收来自于客户端的socket
socket = ss.accept();
//3. 获取输入流
is = socket.getInputStream();
//4. 获取输入流中的数据
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[5];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//5. 资源关闭
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
利用TCP交互非文本信息
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TCPTest {
//客户端
@Test
public void client(){
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
FileInputStream fis = null;
try {
//1. 创建Socket对象,指明服务器端的IP和端口号
InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
//2. 获取一个输入流,用于输入数据
socket = new Socket(inet,1234);
os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3. 获取一个输出流,用于输出数据
fis = new FileInputStream("saber.jpg");
//4. 写入数据操作
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//5. 关闭数据的输出
socket.shutdownOutput();
//6. 接收来自服务器的数据,并显示到控制台上
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer1 = new byte[1024];
int len1;
while ((len1 = is.read(buffer1)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer1,0,len1);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//7. 资源关闭
try {
fis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
@Test
public void server(){
ServerSocket ss = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
FileOutputStream fos = null;
try {
//1. 创建服务器端的ServerSocket,指明自己的端口号
ss = new ServerSocket(1234);
//2. 调用accept表示接收来自于客户端的socket
socket = ss.accept();
//3. 获取输入流
is = socket.getInputStream();
//4. 获取输出流
fos = new FileOutputStream("saber1.jpg");
//5. 获取输入流中的数据
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2 = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len2);
}
//6. 服务器端给与用户端反馈
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("图片已收到".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//7. 资源关闭
try {
fos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
利用UDP交互数据
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
public class UDPTest {
//发送端
@Test
public void sender(){
DatagramSocket socket = null;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket();
String str = "我是UDP方式";
byte[] data = str.getBytes();
InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data,0,data.length,inet,1234);
socket.send(packet);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//接收端
@Test
public void receiver(){
DatagramSocket socket = null;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(1234);
byte[] buffer = new byte[100];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}