HIVE HSQL 基本操作命令

创建表:

  hive>create table tablename(id int,name string,password string);

  创建一个名字为tablename的表,表的属性有int id; string name; string password;

创建表时指定分隔符

  hive> create table test1(name string,count int)row format delimited fields terminated by ‘/t’;

加载表

  hive> load data inpath ‘/user/hadoop/output7/part-r-00000’ into table test1;

创建一个新表,结构与其他一样
  hive> create table table1 like table2;

  创建一个表table1,表结构跟table2一样;

创建分区表

  hive> create table table1(id int,line string) partitioned by (dt string,country string);

显示表里有多少条记录(count 数大于50的有多少条记录)

  hive>select count(*) from tablename where count>50;

排序用法order by (查询count 数大于50并排序)

   select * from test2 where count > 50 order by count;

显示表中有多少分区

  hive> show partitions table1;

显示所有表

  hive> show tables;

显示所有与u开头的表

  hive> show tables ‘u*’;

显示表的结构信息

  hive> describe test1;

修改表名字

  hive> alter table table1 rename to test3;

在原表上新添加一列

  hive> alter table test1 add columns(new_col2 int comment ‘a commment’);

  hive> alter table test1 add columns(new_col3 int);

删除表

  hive> drop table test3;

从本地文件加载数据:
  hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH ‘/home/hadoop/input/ncdc/micro-tab/sample.txt’ OVERWRITE INTO TABLE records;

加载分区表

  hive> load data inpath ‘/user/hive/warehouse/clickstream_log/dt=2016-11-29/part-r-00000’ overwrite into table clickstream_log PARTITION(dt = ‘2016-11-30’);

显示所有函数

  hive> show functions;

查看函数的用法

  hive> describe function substr;

查看数组、map、结构
  hive> select col1[0],col2[‘b’],col3.c from complex;

查看数组、map、结构
  hive> select col1[0],col2[‘b’],col3.c from complex;

内连接:
  hive> SELECT sales., things. FROM sales JOIN things ON (sales.id = things.id);

查看hive为某个查询使用多少个MapReduce作业
  hive> Explain SELECT sales., things. FROM sales JOIN things ON (sales.id = things.id);

外连接:
  hive> SELECT sales., things. FROM sales LEFT OUTER JOIN things ON (sales.id = things.id);
  hive> SELECT sales., things. FROM sales RIGHT OUTER JOIN things ON (sales.id = things.id);
  hive> SELECT sales., things. FROM sales FULL OUTER JOIN things ON (sales.id = things.id);

in查询:Hive不支持,但可以使用LEFT SEMI JOIN
  hive> SELECT * FROM things LEFT SEMI JOIN sales ON (sales.id = things.id);

Map连接:Hive可以把较小的表放入每个Mapper的内存来执行连接操作
  hive> SELECT /+ MAPJOIN(things) / sales., things. FROM sales JOIN things ON (sales.id = things.id);

INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE ..SELECT:新表预先存在
  hive> FROM records2
  > INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE stations_by_year SELECT year, COUNT(DISTINCT station) GROUP BY year
  > INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE records_by_year SELECT year, COUNT(1) GROUP BY year
  > INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE good_records_by_year SELECT year, COUNT(1) WHERE temperature != 9999 AND (quality = 0 OR quality = 1 OR quality = 4 OR quality = 5 OR quality = 9) GROUP BY year;

CREATE TABLE … AS SELECT:新表表预先不存在
  hive>CREATE TABLE target AS SELECT col1,col2 FROM source;

创建视图:
  hive> CREATE VIEW valid_records AS SELECT * FROM records2 WHERE temperature !=9999;

查看视图详细信息:
  hive> DESCRIBE EXTENDED valid_records;


传统数据库:
添加:

insert into 表名 values();
修改:

update 表名 set a=b where b=c;
删除:

delete from 表名where a=b;
查询:

select * from 表名 where a=b;

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