Servlet的一些细节(7)—线程安全
当多个客户端并发访问同一个Servlet时,web服务器会为每一个客户端的访问请求创建一个线程,并在这个线程上调用Servlet的service方法,因此service方法内如果访问了同一个资源的话,就有可能引发线程安全问题。
如果某个Servlet实现了SingleThreadModel接口,那么Servlet引擎将以单线程模式来调用其service方法。
SingleThreadModel接口中没有定义任何方法,只要在Servlet类的定义中增加实现SingleThreadModel接口的声明即可。
对于实现了SingleThreadModel接口的Servlet,Servlet引擎仍然支持对该Servlet的多线程并发访问,其采用的方式是产生多个Servlet实例对象,并发的每个线程分别调用一个独立的Servlet实例对象。
实现SingleThreadModel接口并不能真正解决Servlet的线程安全问题,因为Servlet引擎会创建多个Servlet实例对象,而真正意义上解决多线程安全问题是指一个Servlet实例对象被多个线程同时调用的问题。事实上,在Servlet API 2.4中,已经将SingleThreadModel标记为Deprecated(过时的)。
实例:
出现线程问题:
package net.csdn;
importjava.io.IOException;
importjava.io.PrintWriter;
importjavax.servlet.ServletException;
importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class NewServlet2 extendsHttpServlet {
privateint count = 0;
publicvoid doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throwsServletException, IOException {
try{
count++;
Thread.sleep(1000*5);
PrintWriterout = response.getWriter();
out.println(count);
}catch (InterruptedException e) {
//TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
publicvoid doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throwsServletException, IOException {
doGet(request,response);
}
@Override
publicvoid init() throws ServletException {
System.out.println("验证请求时调用init()");
}
}
此种方法便会出现线程问题,因为如果再多个客户端向服务器发送多个请求时,这多个客户端会处理同一个临界资源count,这时就容易产生一些线程问题。
解决线程问题:
packagenet.csdn;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class NewServlet2 extendsHttpServlet {
privateint count = 0;
publicvoid doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throwsServletException, IOException {
//同步代码块
synchronized(this) {
try{
count++;
Thread.sleep(1000*5);
//必须锁在一起
PrintWriterout = response.getWriter();
out.println(count);
}catch (InterruptedException e) {
//TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
publicvoid doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throwsServletException, IOException {
doGet(request,response);
}
@Override
publicvoid init() throws ServletException {
System.out.println("刚一加载时init()");
}
}
上述做法中将容易引发线程问题的代码放在了同步代码块内,解决了这个问题。
ServletConfig对象
在Servlet的配置文件中,可以使用一个或多个<init-param>标签为servlet配置一些初始化参数。
获取WEB应用的初始化参数。
<context-param>
<param-name> data</param-name>
<param-value> xxxx</param-value>
</context-param>
如:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>NewServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>net.csdn.NewServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>date</param-name>
<param-value>lijizh1013</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>name</param-name>
<param-value>lijizh</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
当servlet配置了初始化参数后,web容器在创建servlet实例对象时,会自动将这些初始化参数封装到ServletConfig对象中,并在调用servlet的init方法时,将ServletConfig对象传递给servlet。进而,程序员通过ServletConfig对象就可以得到当前servlet的初始化参数信息。
阅读ServletConfig API,并举例说明该对象的作用:
– 获得字符集编码
– 获得数据库连接信息
– 获得配置文件
获取配置文件信息:
1.通过成员变量在初始化时获取ServletConfig对象。
packagenet.csdn;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
publicclass NewServlet extends HttpServlet {
//1.使用成员变量
privateServletConfig config;
public void doGet(HttpServletRequestrequest, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException,IOException {
PrintWriter out =response.getWriter();
//通过获取到的成员变量的config对象逐个获取参数名称及对应的参数值
String date =config.getInitParameter("date");
String name =config.getInitParameter("name");
String date =config.getInitParameter("date");
String name =config.getInitParameter("name");
out.println(names);
out.println(values);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequestrequest, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException,IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
//通过inint方法为config成员变量赋值
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config)throws ServletException {
super.init(config);
this.config = config;
}
}
2.通过Servlet的this对象获取
packagenet.csdn;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
publicclass NewServlet extends HttpServlet {
//1.使用成员变量
public void doGet(HttpServletRequestrequest, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException,IOException {
PrintWriter out =response.getWriter();
//通过获取到的this的config对象逐个获取参数名称及对应的参数值
String date =this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter("date");
String name =this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter("name");
String date =this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter("date");
String name =this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter("name");
out.println(names);
out.println(values);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequestrequest, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException,IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
3.获取到config对象后获取参数值的其他方式:
例:使用this对象获取到config对象后的取值过程
package net.csdn;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
publicclass NewServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequestrequest, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException,IOException {
PrintWriter out =response.getWriter();
//通过获取到的this的config对象逐个获取参数名称及对应的参数值
String date = this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter("date");
String name =this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter("name");
String date =this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter("date");
String name =this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter("name");
out.println(names);
out.println(values);
//通过获取Enumeration枚举对象然后再逐个遍历参数及参数值
Enumeration e =this.getServletConfig().getInitParameterNames();
while(e.hasMoreElements()){
String names = (String)e.nextElement();
String values =(String)this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter(names);
out.println(names);
out.println(values);
}
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequestrequest, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException,IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}