深入体验JavaWeb开发内幕之servlet中的ServletContext的相关内容和实例展示

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-21 14:18:41 发布

置顶 lijizh1013

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-21 14:18:41 发布

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分类专栏： JavaWeb应用开发--深入体验javaWeb开发内幕文章标签： servlet properties import string class stylesheet

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lijizh1013/article/details/8098564

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ServletContext

• WEB容器在启动时，它会为每个WEB应用程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象，它代表当前web应用。

• ServletConfig对象中维护了ServletContext对象的引用，开发人员在编写servlet时，可以通过ServletConfig.getServletContext方法获得ServletContext对象。

也可以使用 this.getServletContext方法

如：

在servlet1中：

//获取上下文：

 //1、ServletContext context=this.getServletContext();

 

    //2.ServletContext context =this.getServletConfig().getServletContext();

• 由于一个WEB应用中的所有Servlet共享同一个ServletContext对象，因此Servlet对象之间可以通过ServletContext对象来实现通讯。多个Servlet通过ServletContext对象实现数据共享。

• ServletContext对象通常也被称之为context域对象。（request，session，page）

setAttribute（），getAttribute（）；

例：使用ServletContext实现两个Servlet数据共享

在servlet2.java中

package net.csdn;

 

import java.io.IOException;

importjava.io.PrintWriter;

 

importjavax.servlet.ServletException;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

 

public class servlet2 extends HttpServlet {

 

        publicvoid doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

                       throwsServletException, IOException {

                 this.getServletContext().setAttribute("data2","1992");

              

               PrintWriterout = response.getWriter();

               out.println("servlet");

        }

 

        publicvoid doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

                       throwsServletException, IOException {

               doGet(request,response);

        }

 

}

//然后在servlet3.java中：

package net.csdn;

 

importjava.io.IOException;

importjava.io.PrintWriter;

 

importjavax.servlet.ServletException;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

 

public class servlet3 extends HttpServlet {

 

        publicvoid doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

                       throwsServletException, IOException {

              

               System.out.println(this.getServletContext().getAttribute("data2"));

              

               PrintWriterout = response.getWriter();

               out.println(context);

        }

 

        publicvoid doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

                       throwsServletException, IOException {

               doGet(request,response);

        }

 

}

ServletContext应用

•获取WEB应用的初始化参数。

<context-param>

<param-name>data</param-name>

<param-value>xxxx</param-value>

</context-param>
例：设置ServletContext初始化参数，然后对其获取。
如在web.xml文件中：

<?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-appversion="2.5"

        xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"

        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

        xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee

        http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">

 <context-param>

   <param-name>data</param-name>

   <param-value>1991</param-value>

 </context-param>

  <servlet>

 <servlet-name>FirstWeb</servlet-name>

 <servlet-class>net.csdn.ServletWeb</servlet-class>

 </servlet>

 <servlet>

   <servlet-name>servlet1</servlet-name>

   <servlet-class>net.csdn.servlet1</servlet-class>

 </servlet>

 <servlet>

   <servlet-name>servlet2</servlet-name>

   <servlet-class>net.csdn.servlet2</servlet-class>

 </servlet>

 <servlet>

   <servlet-name>servlet3</servlet-name>

   <servlet-class>net.csdn.servlet3</servlet-class>

 </servlet>

 <servlet>

   <servlet-name>servlet4</servlet-name>

   <servlet-class>net.csdn.servlet4</servlet-class>

 </servlet>

 

 

 

 

 <servlet-mapping>

  <servlet-name>FirstWeb</servlet-name>

  <url-pattern>/firstWeb</url-pattern>

 </servlet-mapping>

 <servlet-mapping>

   <servlet-name>servlet1</servlet-name>

   <url-pattern>/servlet1</url-pattern>

 </servlet-mapping>

 <servlet-mapping>

   <servlet-name>servlet2</servlet-name>

   <url-pattern>/servlet2</url-pattern>

 </servlet-mapping>

 <servlet-mapping>

   <servlet-name>servlet3</servlet-name>

   <url-pattern>/servlet3</url-pattern>

 </servlet-mapping>

 <servlet-mapping>

   <servlet-name>servlet4</servlet-name>

   <url-pattern>/servlet4</url-pattern>

 </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

然后在servlet1.java

package net.csdn;

 

importjava.io.IOException;

importjava.io.PrintWriter;

 

importjavax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;

importjavax.servlet.ServletConfig;

importjavax.servlet.ServletContext;

importjavax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

 

public class servlet1 extends HttpServlet {

 

        publicvoid doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

                       throwsServletException, IOException {

              

               ServletContextcon = this.getServletContext();

                String context=(String)con.getInitParameter("data");

                

                PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

               out.println(con);

        }

 

        publicvoid doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

                       throwsServletException, IOException {

               doGet(request,response);

        }

 

}

中进行获取。

•实现Servlet的转发。

RequestDispatcher rd =getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher(“/1.jsp”);

rd.forward(request,response);

如何把数据传到 1.jsp ？（可以通过request域，不能用context域）
例：编写一个转发实现由servlet1到index.jsp的转发
在servlet1.java中：

package net.csdn;

 

importjava.io.IOException;

importjava.io.PrintWriter;

 

importjavax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;

importjavax.servlet.ServletConfig;

importjavax.servlet.ServletContext;

importjavax.servlet.ServletException;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

 

public class servlet1 extends HttpServlet {

 

        publicvoid doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

                       throwsServletException, IOException {

               ServletContextcon = this.getServletContext();

                RequestDispatcher rd =con.getRequestDispatcher("/index.jsp");

                rd.forward(request, response);

              

        }

 

        publicvoid doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

                       throwsServletException, IOException {

               doGet(request,response);

        }

 

}

在index.jsp中：

<%@ pagelanguage="java" import="java.util.*"pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>

<%

String path = request.getContextPath();

String basePath =request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";

%>

 

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

<html>

 <head>

   <base href="<%=basePath%>">

   

   <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>

        <metahttp-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">

        <meta http-equiv="cache-control"content="no-cache">

        <meta http-equiv="expires"content="0">   

        <meta http-equiv="keywords"content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">

        <metahttp-equiv="description" content="This is my page">

        <!--

        <linkrel="stylesheet" type="text/css"href="styles.css">

        -->

 </head>

 

 <body>

   This is my JSP page. <br>
  <!--在此处获取应用的上下文中的属性data2的值-->
 <%= application.getAttribute("data2")%>

  </body>

</html>

•利用ServletContext对象读取资源文件。

–得到文件路径

–读取资源文件的三种方式

–.properties文件（属性文件）

例如：通过ServletContext读取配置文件的内容。

如在src下有一个file.properties的配置文件
文件内容：

username = root;

password = root;

然后通过servlet4.java进行读取：
方式一：

package net.csdn;

 

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import java.util.Properties;

 

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

 

public class servlet4 extends HttpServlet {

 

        publicvoid doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

                       throwsServletException, IOException {

               //在servlet类内使用this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream（）

               InputStreamis =this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/file.properties");

              

               Propertiesp = new Properties();

               p.load(is);

               System.out.println(p.getProperty("username"));

               PrintWriterout = response.getWriter();

               out.println("servlet");

              

              

        }

 

        publicvoid doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

                       throwsServletException, IOException {

               doGet(request,response);

        }

 

}

方式二：

package net.csdn;

 

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import java.util.Properties;

 

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

 

public class servlet4 extends HttpServlet {

 

        publicvoid doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

                       throwsServletException, IOException {

       

               //2、在servlet类内使用this.getServletContext().getRealPath（）

                String path =this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/file.properties");

              FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(path);

               Propertiesp = new Properties();

               p.load(fis);

               System.out.println(p.getProperty("username"));

        }

 

        publicvoid doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

                       throwsServletException, IOException {

               doGet(request,response);

        }

 

}

方式三：通过一个普通类进行读取file.properties文件内容：

NormalClass.java



package net.csdn;

 

importjava.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.util.Properties;

 

 

 

public class NormalClass {

 

        publicstatic void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

               InputStreamfis = NormalClass.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("file.properties");

                 Properties p =new Properties();

                 p.load(fis);

                System.out.println(p.getProperty("username"));

                

        }

 

}

即可完成对file.properties文件的读取工作。

ServletConfig和ServletContext的区别

–整个Web应用只有一个ServletContext，在部署Web应用的时候，容器会建立这一个ServletContext对象，这个上下文对Web应用中的每个Servlet和JSP都可用。

–Web应用中的各个Servlet都有自己的ServletConfig，它只对当前Servlet有效。

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深入体验JavaWeb开发内幕之servlet中的ServletContext的相关内容和实例展示

ServletContext • WEB容器在启动时，它会为每个WEB应用程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象，它代表当前web应用。• ServletConfig对象中维护了ServletContext对象的引用，开发人员在编写servlet时，可以通过ServletConfig.getServletContext方法获得Servlet
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