springboot 基本知识

于 2016-12-16 11:52:11 发布
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分类专栏： spring boot 文章标签： springboot
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lijunfan_rh/article/details/53691395
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官方建议的代码目录

com
 +- example
     +- myproject
         +- Application.java
         |
         +- domain
         |   +- Customer.java
         |   +- CustomerRepository.java
         |
         +- service
         |   +- CustomerService.java
         |
         +- web
             +- CustomerController.java

Application.java 典型的代码

package com.example.myproject;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }

}

@ComponentScan

它会扫描(@Component, @Service, @Repository, @Controller）等这些注解，并自动注册为Spring Bean

@SpringBootApplication

等同于同时使用(@Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration, @Componentscan)这些注解.

运行Spring Boot

java -jar target/myproject-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

或者
java -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:server=y,transport=dt_socket,address=8000,suspend=n -jar target/myproject-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

或者
export MAVEN_OPTS=-Xmx1024m -XX:MaxPermSize=128M -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom
mvn spring-boot:run

或者

默认的配置文件名

application.properties

父，子容器设置

new SpringApplicationBuilder()
    .bannerMode(Banner.Mode.OFF)
    .sources(Parent.class)
    .child(Application.class)
    .run(args);

Spring boot 中事件监听

SpringApplication.addListeners(…​)

通过注册监听器，来监听相应的事件

访问应用参数

@Component
public class MyBean {

    @Autowired
    public MyBean(ApplicationArguments args) {
        boolean debug = args.containsOption("debug");
        List<String> files = args.getNonOptionArgs();
        // if run with "--debug logfile.txt" debug=true, files=["logfile.txt"]
    }

}

Spring Boot 监控

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>

添加这个依赖，然后就可以看到启动时加载的信息了:

troller.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2016-02-14 15:38:21.371  INFO 30028 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2016-02-14 15:38:21.371  INFO 30028 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2016-02-14 15:38:21.405  INFO 30028 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2016-02-14 15:38:21.884  INFO 30028 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.EndpointHandlerMapping     : Mapped "{[/autoconfig || /autoconfig.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()
2016-02-14 15:38:21.884  INFO 30028 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.EndpointHandlerMapping     : Mapped "{[/dump || /dump.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()
2016-02-14 15:38:21.885  INFO 30028 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.EndpointHandlerMapping     : Mapped "{[/env/{name:.*}],methods=[GET],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EnvironmentMvcEndpoint.value(java.lang.String)
2016-02-14 15:38:21.885  INFO 30028 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.EndpointHandlerMapping     : Mapped "{[/env || /env.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()
2016-02-14 15:38:21.886  INFO 30028 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.EndpointHandlerMapping     : Mapped "{[/health || /health.json],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.HealthMvcEndpoint.invoke(java.security.Principal)
2016-02-14 15:38:21.888  INFO 30028 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.EndpointHandlerMapping     : Mapped "{[/metrics/{name:.*}],methods=[GET],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.MetricsMvcEndpoint.value(java.lang.String)
2016-02-14 15:38:21.888  INFO 30028 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.EndpointHandlerMapping     : Mapped "{[/metrics || /metrics.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()
2016-02-14 15:38:21.890  INFO 30028 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.EndpointHandlerMapping     : Mapped "{[/beans || /beans.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()
2016-02-14 15:38:21.890  INFO 30028 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.EndpointHandlerMapping     : Mapped "{[/mappings || /mappings.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()
2016-02-14 15:38:21.890  INFO 30028 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.EndpointHandlerMapping     : Mapped "{[/configprops || /configprops.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()
2016-02-14 15:38:21.891  INFO 30028 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.EndpointHandlerMapping     : Mapped "{[/info || /info.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()
2016-02-14 15:38:21.891  INFO 30028 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.e.mvc.EndpointHandlerMapping     : Mapped "{[/trace || /trace.json],methods=[GET],produces=[application/json]}" onto public java.lang.Object org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.mvc.EndpointMvcAdapter.invoke()

修改前缀

management.contextPath=/my/manager

这样子，就要通过 /my/manager/health 这样子来访问了.

Spring Admin

maven的依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>de.codecentric</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-admin-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>de.codecentric</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-admin-server-ui</artifactId>
</dependency>

在配置文件里添加

spring.application.name=Spring Boot Admin Web
spring.boot.admin.url=http://localhost:${server.port}/admin
spring.boot.admin.context-path=/admin

然后访问: Go

根据不同环境使用 properties

application.properties
application-dev.properties
application-pro.properties

然后设置 spring.profiles.active=xxx ，就可以使用相应的配置文件了.(-Dspring.profiles.active=production)

注意，这里是有继承关系的.即 application.properties 是公共的，即无论在哪种环境，它都会加载的.

如果 spring.profiles.active=default ，就只会加载 application.properties .

如果 spring.profiles.active=dev ，就会加载 application.properties ，然后再加载 application-dev.properties .而且 application-dev.properties 的属性，会覆盖 application.properties 的.

而且，还可以向前引用变量。比如这样子:

hello.world=def
hello.world.parent=${hello.world} from parent

使用 Bean 来映射properties文件

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="person")
public class ConnectionSettings {

    private String firstName;

    public String getFirstName() {
        return this.firstName;
    }

    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

}

然后 properties 文件 里可以这样子写

person.firstName=xxx

或者
person.first-name=xxx

或者
PERSON_FIRST_NAME=xxx

配置自定义Bean

@Configuration
public class MyConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public HttpMessageConverters customConverters() {
        HttpMessageConverter<?> additional = ...
        HttpMessageConverter<?> another = ...
        return new HttpMessageConverters(additional, another);
    }

}

关于静态资源的处理

这是Spring boot 默认情况下配置.

默认情况下，在classpath路径下的 /static (or /public or /resources or /META-INF/resources) 这些目录，是被看作是静态资源的存放路径的.

也可以通过 spring.resources.staticLocations 参数来指定.

打包为普通的 war 包形式

HelloWorldSpringBoot.java

package org.emacsist;

import de.codecentric.boot.admin.config.EnableAdminServer;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.context.web.SpringBootServletInitializer;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

/**
 * Created by sky on 16-2-14.
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAdminServer
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class HelloWorldSpringBoot extends SpringBootServletInitializer {

    @Override
    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder builder) {
        return builder.sources(HelloWorldSpringBoot.class);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        SpringApplication app = new SpringApplication(HelloWorldSpringBoot.class);
        app.run(args);
    }

}

修改 pom

<packaging>war</packaging>


<properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <start-class>org.emacsist.HelloWorldSpringBoot</start-class>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

项目的目录结构改为

src |
    |-main
        |-webapp
            |-WEB-INF

其他的按普通的项目目录处理即可.

参考资料

lijunfan_rh
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