边学边记——JavaSE总结练习☞图书馆管理系统的实现

使用者接口(User)中应有使用者姓名属性，操作数组属性，图书管理系统的菜单方法和操作实现的方法，同时也要区分普通用户(NormalUser)和图书管理员(AdminUser)中该有什么权限（方法），比如普通用户(NormalUser)只能进行查找，借阅，归还书籍的操作，而图书管理员(AdminUser)应该比普通用户权限更大，相较于普通用户来说还能进行添加，修改，删除等操作。

问：那我们为何不指教定义两个具体的类，为何要去实现使用者(User)接口？

答：原因在于，这样定义能体现出使用者之间的关系，更加清晰明了，同时方便我们以后对该系统进行优化。比如，我们以后想加入别的职责的员工（例如，数据管理员），那这样会更方便优化改进。

接下来，我们应该定义一些关于书籍的具体操作，使这些操作具有独立性和封装性，同时也将书本类和书架类的属性和方法进行了封装。具体实现如下，先定义一个具体操作接口(IOperation)，其中包含具体工作方法，然后定义各种操作子类结合书架类中的方法去实现该接口，如书籍添加子类(AddOperation)，书籍更新子类(UpdataOperation)，书籍删除子类(DeleteOperation)，书籍查找子类(FindOperation)，显示书籍列表子类(ListOperation)，借阅书籍子类(BorrowOperation)，归还书籍子类(ReturnOperation)。

三.XMind思维导图

资源：

思维导图：Java图书馆管理系统思维导图

四.具体代码

1.书本类(Book)

public class Book {
    private String name;
    private String author;
    private double price;
    private String type;
    private boolean isBorrowed;

    public Book(String name, String author, double price, String type) {
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
        this.price = price;
        this.type = type;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public boolean isBorrowed() {
        return isBorrowed;
    }

    public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
        isBorrowed = borrowed;
    }

    //重写toString方法
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +
                ", isBorrowed=" + isBorrowed +
                '}';
    }
}

2.书架类(BookList)

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

public class BookList {//书架
    private static final List<Book> books=new ArrayList<>();
    private static final List<String> allBooksName=new ArrayList<>();

    static {//本来就有的固定书籍
        books.add(new Book("水浒传","施耐庵",40.3,"小说"));
        books.add(new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",60.2,"小说"));
        books.add(new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹",99.5,"小说"));
        books.add(new Book("西游记","吴承恩",80.6,"小说"));

        allBooksName.add("水浒传");
        allBooksName.add("三国演义");
        allBooksName.add("红楼梦");
        allBooksName.add("西游记");
    }

    //添加书籍
    public void addBook(Book book){
        books.add(book);
        allBooksName.add(book.getName());
    }

    //查阅是否存在该书籍
    public boolean isBookContains(String booksName){
        if(allBooksName.contains(booksName)){
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    //展示所有书籍
    public void displayAllBooks(){
        Iterator<Book> iterator=books.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Book book=iterator.next();
            System.out.println(book);
        }
    }

    //查阅是否有该书籍并返回
    public Book findBookByName(String booksName){
        if(allBooksName.contains(booksName)){
            Iterator<Book> iterator=books.iterator();
            while (iterator.hasNext()){
                Book book=iterator.next();
                if(book.getName().equals(booksName)){
                    return book;
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("该书籍不存在！");
        }
        return null;
    }

    //借书
    public void borrowBook(String booksName){
        Book book=findBookByName(booksName);
        if(book==null){
            return;
        }
        if(book.isBorrowed()){
            System.out.println(booksName+"已经被借走啦~下次再来8~");
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("借书成功~");
            book.setBorrowed(true);
        }
    }

    //还书
    public void returnBook(String booksName){
        Book book=findBookByName(booksName);
        if(book==null){
           return;
        }
        if(!book.isBorrowed()){
            System.out.println("书籍还在图书馆，没有借出去哦，请检查书籍名称~");
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("还书成功~欢迎下次借阅~");
            book.setBorrowed(false);
        }
    }

    //删除书籍
    public boolean removeBooks(String booksName){
        Book book=findBookByName(booksName);
        if(book==null){
            return false;
        }
        else{
            books.remove(book);
            allBooksName.remove(booksName);
            return true;
        }
    }

    //更新书籍的价格
    public void updateBooks(String booksName,double price){
        Book book=findBookByName(booksName);
        book.setPrice(price);
    }

}

3.使用者接口(User)

public abstract class User {
    protected String name;
    protected IOperation[] operations;

    //根据用户输入执行相应操作
    public abstract int menu();

    public void doOperation(int choice,BookList bookList){
        operations[choice-1].work(bookList);
    }
}

(1).普通用户类(NormalUser)

import java.util.Scanner;

public class NormalUser extends User{
    private Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);

    public NormalUser(String name){
        this.name=name;
        operations=new IOperation[]{
                new ListOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new BorrowOperation(),
                new ReturnOperation(),
        };
    }

    public void close(){
        scanner.close();
    }

    @Override
    public int menu() {
        System.out.println("==================================");
        System.out.println("欢迎"+this.name+"登录图书馆管理系统~");
        System.out.println("1.显示当前书籍列表");
        System.out.println("2.查询书籍");
        System.out.println("3.借阅书籍");
        System.out.println("4.归还书籍");
        System.out.println("-1.退出");
        System.out.println("请输入你的选择：");
        int choice=scanner.nextInt();
        System.out.println("==================================");
        if(choice==-1){
            close();
        }
        return choice;
    }
}

(2).图书管理员类(AdminUser)

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AdminUser extends User{

    private Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);

    public AdminUser(String name){
        this.name=name;
        operations=new IOperation[]{
                new AddOperation(),
                new DeleteOperation(),
                new UpdateOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new ListOperation(),
        };
    }

    public void close(){
        scanner.close();
    }

    @Override
    public int menu() {
        System.out.println("==================================");
        System.out.println("欢迎"+this.name+"登录图书馆管理系统~");
        System.out.println("1.添加书籍");
        System.out.println("2.删除书籍");
        System.out.println("3.更新书籍");
        System.out.println("4.查找书籍");
        System.out.println("5.显示当前书籍列表");
        System.out.println("-1.退出");
        System.out.println("请输入你的选择：");
        int choice=scanner.nextInt();
        System.out.println("==================================");
        if(choice==-1){
            close();
        }
        return choice;
    }
}

4.具体操作接口(IOperation)

import java.util.Scanner;

public interface IOperation {
    Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
    void work(BookList bookList);
}

(1).书籍添加子类(AddOperation)

public class AddOperation implements IOperation{

    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("您现在进行添加书籍的操作");
        System.out.println("请输入书籍名称");
        String bookName=scanner.next();
        if(bookList.isBookContains(bookName)){
            System.out.println("该书籍已存在，无需重复添加！");
            return;
        }
        System.out.println("请输入作者姓名:");
        String author=scanner.next();
        System.out.println("请输入书籍价格:");
        double price=scanner.nextDouble();
        System.out.println("请输入书籍类别:");
        String type=scanner.next();
        Book book=new Book(bookName,author,price,type);
        bookList.addBook(book);
        System.out.println("添加书籍成功！");
    }
}

(2).书籍更新子类(UpdataOperation)

public class UpdateOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("您现在进行的是书籍价格修改操作");
        System.out.println("请输入要修改书籍的名称：");
        String booksName=scanner.next();
        if(bookList.isBookContains(booksName)){
            System.out.println("请输入要修改的价格：");
            double price=scanner.nextDouble();
            bookList.updateBooks(booksName,price);
            System.out.println("修改书籍价格成功！");
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("您要修改的书籍不存在，请查证后再试");
        }
    }
}

(3).书籍删除子类(DeleteOperation)

public class DeleteOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("您正在进行书籍的下架操作");
        System.out.println("请输入要下架的书籍名称：");
        String booksName=scanner.next();
        if(bookList.removeBooks(booksName)){
            System.out.println("下架书籍成功~");
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("下架书籍失败，请稍后再试");
        }
    }
}

(4).书籍查找子类(FindOperation)

public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("您现在进行的是查询书籍操作");
        System.out.println("请输入要查询的书籍名称：");
        String booksName=scanner.next();
        if(bookList.isBookContains(booksName)){
            System.out.println("图书馆有该书~具体信息如下：");
            System.out.println(bookList.findBookByName(booksName));
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("图书馆还没有上架该书籍~");
        }
    }
}

(5).显示书籍列表子类(ListOperation)

public class ListOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("您正在执行查询书籍列表操作");
        bookList.displayAllBooks();
    }
}

(6).借阅书籍子类(BorrowOperation)

public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("您正在进行借书操作");
        System.out.println("请输入您想借的书籍名称：");
        String booksName=scanner.next();
        bookList.borrowBook(booksName);
    }
}

(7).归还书籍子类(ReturnOperation)

public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("您正在进行还书操作");
        System.out.println("请输入您想还的书籍名称：");
        String booksName=scanner.next();
        bookList.returnBook(booksName);
    }
}

5.主函数(BookMain)

import java.util.Scanner;

public class BookMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BookList bookList=new BookList();
        User user=login();
        while(true){
            int choice=user.menu();
            if(choice==-1){
                System.out.println("Bye~");
                System.exit(0);
            }
            user.doOperation(choice,bookList);
        }
    }

    public static User login(){
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入您的姓名：");
        String name=scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入您的身份（1表示普通用户，0表示管理员）：");
        int who=scanner.nextInt();
        if(who==1){
            return new NormalUser(name);
        }
        else{
            return new AdminUser(name);
        }
    }
}