go 四种 base64 编码实现方式

go的encoding/base64有四种编码方式：

编码方式	说明
StdEncoding	常规编码
URLEncoding	URL safe 编码，相当于替换掉字符串中的特殊字符，+ 和 /
RawStdEncoding	常规编码，末尾不补 =
RawURLEncoding	URL safe 编码，末尾不补 =

package main

import (
	"encoding/base64"
	"fmt"
)

func main() {
	msg := []byte("Hello world. 你好，世界！")

	// 标准编码
	encoded := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(msg)
	fmt.Println(encoded)
	// SGVsbG8gd29ybGQuIOS9oOWlve+8jOS4lueVjO+8gQ==

	decoded, _ := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(encoded)
	fmt.Println(string(decoded))
	// Hello world. 你好，世界！

	// 常规编码，末尾不补 =
	encoded = base64.RawStdEncoding.EncodeToString(msg)
	fmt.Println(encoded)
	// SGVsbG8gd29ybGQuIOS9oOWlve+8jOS4lueVjO+8gQ

	decoded, _ = base64.RawStdEncoding.DecodeString(encoded)
	fmt.Println(string(decoded))
	// Hello world. 你好，世界！

	// URL safe 编码
	encoded = base64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString(msg)
	fmt.Println(encoded)
	// SGVsbG8gd29ybGQuIOS9oOWlve-8jOS4lueVjO-8gQ==

	decoded, _ = base64.URLEncoding.DecodeString(encoded)
	fmt.Println(string(decoded))
	// Hello world. 你好，世界！

	// URL safe 编码，末尾不补 =
	encoded = base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(msg)
	fmt.Println(encoded)
	// SGVsbG8gd29ybGQuIOS9oOWlve-8jOS4lueVjO-8gQ

	decoded, _ = base64.RawURLEncoding.DecodeString(encoded)
	fmt.Println(string(decoded))
	// Hello world. 你好，世界！
}

参考

https://syaning.github.io/go-pkgs/encoding/base64.html
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4648
http://doc.golang.ltd/pkg/encoding_base64.htm
https://base64.us/