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MySQL单表数据量,建议不要超过2000W行,否则会对性能有较大影响。最近接手了一个项目,单表数据超7000W行,一条简单的查询语句等了50多分钟都没出结果,实在是难受,最终,我们决定用分区表。
建表
一般的表(innodb)创建后只有一个 idb 文件:
create table normal_table(id int primary key, no int)
查看数据库文件:
normal_table.ibd
创建按月份分区的分区表,注意!除了常规主键外,月份字段(用来分区的字段)也必须是主键:
create table partition_table(id int AUTO_INCREMENT, create_date date, name varchar(10),
primary key(id, create_date)) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
partition by range(month(create_date))(
partition quarter1 values less than(4),
partition quarter2 values less than(7),
partition quarter3 values less than(10),
partition quarter4 values less than(13)
);
查看数据库文件:
partition_table#p#quarter1.ibd
partition_table#p#quarter2.ibd
partition_table#p#quarter3.ibd
partition_table#p#quarter4.ibd
插入
insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-01-25", "tom1");
insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-02-25", "tom2");
insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-03-25", "tom3");
insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-04-25", "tom4");
insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-05-25", "tom5");
insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-06-25", "tom6");
insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-07-25", "tom7");
insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-08-25", "tom8");
insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-09-25", "tom9");
insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-10-25", "tom10");
insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-11-25", "tom11");
insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-12-25", "tom12");
查询
select count(*) from partition_table;
> 12
查询第二个分区(第二季度)的数据:
select * from partition_table PARTITION(quarter2);
4 2021-04-25 tom4
5 2021-05-25 tom5
6 2021-06-25 tom6
删除
当删除表时,该表的所有分区文件都会被删除
补充:Mysql自动按月表分区
核心的两个存储过程:
- auto_create_partition为创建表分区,调用后为该表创建到下月结束的表分区。
- auto_del_partition为删除表分区,方便历史数据空间回收。
DELIMITER $$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS auto_create_partition$$
CREATE PROCEDURE `auto_create_partition`(IN `table_name` varchar(64))
BEGIN
SET @next_month:=CONCAT(date_format(date_add(now(),interval 2 month),'%Y%m'),'01');
SET @SQL = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE `', table_name, '`',
' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION p', @next_month, " VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS(",
@next_month ,")) );" );
PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
END$$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS auto_del_partitionKaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 362: …on_description &̲lt; TO_DAYS(CON…
DELIMITER ;
下面是示例
-- 假设有个表叫records,设置分区条件为按end_time按月分区
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `records`;
CREATE TABLE `records` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`start_time` datetime NOT NULL,
`end_time` datetime NOT NULL,
`memo` v