如何安装node-sass，为什么会安装失败，全网最专业解答

安装node-sass

大家好，这里是不止前端，专注前端开发过程中的难点问题，并给予最准确的解答。
那么今天的问题是，如何正确安装node-sass
设想一下，你入职了一个新公司，同事发了你一个新的前端项目，你clone下来之后，第一步必然是先npm i安装依赖
然后装到一半，卡了，提示的错误信息一般大概是这个样子
不用仔细看，快速往下滑即可

npm WARN deprecated har-validator@5.1.5: this library is no longer supported
npm WARN deprecated lodash.isarray@4.0.0: This package is deprecated. Use Array.isArray.
npm WARN deprecated uuid@3.4.0: Please upgrade  to version 7 or higher.  Older versions may use Math.random() in certain circumstances, which is known to be problematic.  See https://v8.dev/blog/math-random for details.
npm WARN deprecated request@2.88.2: request has been deprecated, see https://github.com/request/request/issues/3142
npm WARN deprecated tar@2.2.2: This version of tar is no longer supported, and will not receive security updates. Please upgrade asap.
npm ERR! code 1
npm ERR! path D:\testproj\node_modules\node-sass
npm ERR! command failed
npm ERR! command C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /d /s /c node scripts/build.js
npm ERR! Building: D:\node\node.exe D:\testproj\node_modules\node-gyp\bin\node-gyp.js rebuild --verbose --libsass_ext= --libsass_cflags= --libsass_ldflags= --libsass_library=
npm ERR! gyp info it worked if it ends with ok
npm ERR! gyp verb cli [
npm ERR! gyp verb cli   'D:\\node\\node.exe',
npm ERR! gyp verb cli   'D:\\testproj\\node_modules\\node-gyp\\bin\\node-gyp.js',
npm ERR! gyp verb cli   'rebuild',
npm ERR! gyp verb cli   '--verbose',
npm ERR! gyp verb cli   '--libsass_ext=',
npm ERR! gyp verb cli   '--libsass_cflags=',
npm ERR! gyp verb cli   '--libsass_ldflags=',
npm ERR! gyp verb cli   '--libsass_library='
npm ERR! gyp verb cli ]
npm ERR! gyp info using node-gyp@3.8.0
npm ERR! gyp info using node@16.14.0 | win32 | x64
npm ERR! gyp verb command rebuild []
npm ERR! gyp verb command clean []
npm ERR! gyp verb clean removing "build" directory
npm ERR! gyp verb command configure []
npm ERR! gyp verb check python checking for Python executable "python2" in the PATH
npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed Error: not found: python2
npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at getNotFoundError (D:\testproj\node_modules\which\which.js:13:12)
npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at F (D:\testproj\node_modules\which\which.js:68:19)
npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at E (D:\testproj\node_modules\which\which.js:80:29)
npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at D:\testproj\node_modules\which\which.js:89:16
npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at D:\testproj\node_modules\isexe\index.js:42:5
npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at D:\testproj\node_modules\isexe\windows.js:36:5
npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at FSReqCallback.oncomplete (node:fs:198:21)
npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed  python2 Error: not found: python2
npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at getNotFoundError (D:\testproj\node_modules\which\which.js:13:12)
npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at F (D:\testproj\node_modules\which\which.js:68:19)
npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at E (D:\testproj\node_modules\which\which.js:80:29)
npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at D:\testproj\node_modules\which\which.js:89:16
npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at D:\testproj\node_modules\isexe\index.js:42:5
npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at D:\testproj\node_modules\isexe\windows.js:36:5
npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed     at FSReqCallback.oncomplete (node:fs:198:21) {
npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed   code: 'ENOENT'
npm ERR! gyp verb `which` failed }

这种时候一般你会把报错信息去搜索，然后会得到可能是如下的处理办法

1. 执行npm clean，重新npm i
2. 使用cnpm
3. 安装python
4. 网络不行，需要特殊的上网方法

安装失败的原因

以上说法并不全对，实际上是这样，node-sass安装的时候需要下载一个二进制文件，如果无法下载，会尝试在本地编译该文件（非常非常非常麻烦，千万不要尝试）
以上的报错就是编译时的报错，根本不用看，没有任何帮助
那么为什么会下载失败，无非就是两个原因

1. 网络问题，下载不下来
2. 你安装的node-sass需要的node版本不对

如何处理安装失败

关于原因1，这个问题大家都懂，当然我还是要发一下的，命令行输入

npm config set registry "http://registry.npm.taobao.org/"
npm config set sass_binary_site "https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node-sass/"

不建议挂代理，npm如果需要使用代理需要另行设置，比较麻烦

之后使用npm config list查看是否设置成功
至于问题2，node-sass的github主页已经给出了详细表格

NodeJS	Supported node-sass version	Node Module
Node 17	7.0+	102
Node 16	6.0+	93
Node 15	5.0+, <7.0	88
Node 14	4.14+	83
Node 13	4.13+, <5.0	79
Node 12	4.12+, <8.0	72
Node 11	4.10+, <5.0	67
Node 10	4.9+, <6.0	64
Node 8	4.5.3+, <5.0	57
Node <8	<5.0	<57

所以你首先需要看下你项目的package.json里指定的node-sass是什么版本，然后安装对应版本的node
比如我需要安装的node-sass的版本是是4.15，那么我需要安装的nodejs版本是14

如果需要更详细的判断，你可以在命令行输入

node -p "[process.platform, process.arch, process.versions.modules].join('-')"

复制显示出来的字符串，去releases页面按ctrl+F进行搜索
表格上面就是你电脑能装的node-sass版本，如果找不到，则说明你的node版本太高了,需要降级node版本

总结原因：

1. 没有设置npm
2. 当前版本的node-sass对应的node版本不对

感谢大家观看该文章，希望对大家有所帮助