Android开发浅谈-04-Activity信息传递

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-25 10:18:06 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-25 10:18:06 发布

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文章标签： android button layout string encoding application

Activity从某种程度上说, 是Android大多数程序的骨架子. 一般很少会有程序只有一个Activity, 因此很多时候, Activity之间的通信和变量传递是非常重要的.

Android SDK本身是提供了四种跨进程通讯方式的, 对应了四种应用程序组件: Activity, Content Provider, Broadcast和Service. 在Ophone社区也有对这几种方式的简单说明: Activity可以跨进程调用其他应用程序的Activity(自身应用程序当然也可以); Content Provider可以访问其他应用程序提供的数据, 以Cursor对象形式返回, 也可以进行增删改查操作, 就相当于是对数据库的访问一样; Broadcast可以向所有应用程序发送广播, 进而被”有意者”监听到; Service类似于Content Provider, 不过返回的是Java对象.

我们现在只关注于Activity的通讯.

当我们有如下的xml, 即有两个Activity:

< ?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      package="cn.mishi8"
      android:versionCode="1"
      android:versionName="1.0">
    <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity"
                  android:label="@string/app_name">
            <intent -filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent>
        </activity>
        <activity android:name=".TargetActivity">
        </activity>
    </application>
    <uses -sdk android:minSdkVersion="1" />
</manifest>

我们有这样的需求, 启动MainActivity, 包含一个输入框(EditText)和一个按钮(Button), 输入一个字符串(String)作为名字, 把它传给第二个Activity(Target), 第二个Activity将显示, 从某某处接收到消息, 并在界面上也提供一个按钮(Button), 点击后返回第一个Activity, 告诉它, “我收到你的消息了!”

首先是简单的页面布局, 我们提供两个xml文件, 分别去对应MainActivity和TargetActivity的layout.

main.xml:

< ?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<linearlayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    >
    <edittext android:id="@+id/main_edittext1"
    	android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    	android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    	android:hint="@string/main_edittext1">
    </edittext>
    <button android:id="@+id/main_button1"
    	android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    	android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    	android:text="@string/main_button1">
    </button>
</linearlayout>

target.xml:

< ?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<linearlayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    >
   	<textview android:id="@+id/target_textview1"
   		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
   		android:layout_height="wrap_content">
   	</textview>
   	<button android:id="@+id/target_button1"
   		android:layout_width="wrap_content"
   		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
   		android:text="@string/target_button1">
   	</button>
</linearlayout>

其中使用”@string”的属性, 自然是需要在string.xml中去注册的.

string.xml:

< ?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <string name="hello">Hello World, MainActivity!</string>
    <string name="app_name">第一个Android程序</string>
    <string name="main_edittext1">输入你的名字</string>
    <string name="main_button1">发送消息</string>
    <string name="target_button1">我知道啦</string>
</resources>

下面是MainActivity和TargetActivity两个类的代码,

MainActivity:

package cn.mishi8;
 
import android.app.Activity;
 
import android.content.Intent;
 
import android.os.Bundle;
 
import android.view.View;
 
import android.widget.Button;
 
import android.widget.EditText;
 
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
 
         private EditText mainEditText1;
 
         private Button mainButton1;
 
         private void initView()
 
         {
 
                   mainEditText1 = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.main_edittext1);
 
                   mainButton1 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.main_button1);
 
         }
 
         private void initListeners()
 
         {
 
                   mainButton1.setOnClickListener(
 
                            new Button.OnClickListener()
 
                            {
 
                                     @Override
 
                                     public void onClick(View v) {
 
                                               // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 
                                               Intent intent = new Intent();
 
                                               intent.setClass(MainActivity.this, TargetActivity.class);
 
                                               Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
 
                                               bundle.putString("name", mainEditText1.getText().toString());
 
                                               intent.putExtras(bundle);
 
                                               startActivityForResult(intent, 0);
 
                                               //by poisonbian
 
                                               finish();
 
                                     }
 
                            }
 
                   );
 
         }
 
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
 
    @Override
 
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
 
        initView();
 
        initListeners();
 
    }
 
         /* (non-Javadoc)
 
          * @see android.app.Activity#onActivityResult(int, int, android.content.Intent)
 
          */
 
         @Override
 
         protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
 
                   // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 
                   switch (resultCode)
 
                   {
 
                            case RESULT_OK:
 
                                     Bundle bundle = data.getExtras();
 
                                     String result = bundle.getString("result");
 
                                     mainEditText1.setText(result);
 
                                     break;
 
                            default:
 
                                     break;
 
                   }
 
         }
 
}

TargetActivity:

/**
 
 *
 
 */
 
package cn.mishi8;
 
import android.app.Activity;
 
import android.content.Intent;
 
import android.os.Bundle;
 
import android.view.View;
 
import android.widget.Button;
 
import android.widget.TextView;
 
/**
 
 * @author poisonbian
 
 *
 
 */
 
public class TargetActivity extends Activity {
 
         private TextView targetTextView1;
 
         private Button targetButton1;
 
         private void initView()
 
         {
 
                   targetTextView1 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.target_textview1);
 
                   targetButton1 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.target_button1);
 
                   Bundle bundle = getIntent().getExtras();
 
                   String name = bundle.getString("name");
 
                   targetTextView1.setText("收到消息, From: " + name);
 
         }
 
         private void initListeners()
 
         {
 
                   targetButton1.setOnClickListener(
 
                            new Button.OnClickListener()
 
                            {
 
                                     @Override
 
                                     public void onClick(View v) {
 
                                               // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 
                                               Intent result = new Intent();
 
                                               result.putExtra("result", "知道啦知道啦~");
 
                                               setResult(RESULT_OK, result);
 
                                               finish();
 
                                     }       
 
                            }
 
                   );
 
         }
 
         /* (non-Javadoc)
 
          * @see android.app.Activity#onCreate(android.os.Bundle)
 
          */
 
         @Override
 
         protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 
                   // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 
                   super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 
                   setContentView(R.layout.target);
 
                   initView();
 
                   initListeners();
 
         }
 
}

另外, 一定要记得, 在AndroidManifest.xml中去注册两个Activity:

< ?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      package="cn.mishi8"
      android:versionCode="1"
      android:versionName="1.0">
    <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity"
                  android:label="@string/app_name">
            <intent -filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent>
        </activity>
        <activity android:name=".TargetActivity">
        </activity>
    </application>
    <uses -sdk android:minSdkVersion="1" />
</manifest>

下面来结合截图看一看, 我们的两个Activity做了什么:

MainActivity如下, 它以main.xml为layout: setContentView(R.layout.main); 页面有两个控件, 分别是EditText和Button. Button上有一个Click的Listener, click之后有如下动作:
Intent intent = new Intent();

intent.setClass(MainActivity.this, TargetActivity.class);

Bundle bundle = new Bundle();

bundle.putString(“name”, mainEditText1.getText().toString());

intent.putExtras(bundle);

startActivityForResult(intent, 0);

//by poisonbian

finish();

新建一个Intent, 源与目标分别为MainActivity与TargetActivity, 新建一个”邮包”Bundle, bundle中放了一个Map, key是”name”, value是mainEditText1中输入的字符串, intent将这个bundle携带在身上, 启动intent(即启动目标Activity), 并且使用的是”startActivityForResult”, 不是”startActivity”, 这表明启动目标Activity是需要等待其返回结果的. 因此这个地方的”finish()”实际是有bug的!

我们不妨先忽略它, 看最终的效果是什么样子.