在日常开发中我们经常从一个Activity跳转到另一个Activity,调用的代码无非有以下两种:
startActivity(intent);
startActivityForResult(intent, requestCode);
其实startActivity()最终也会调用startActivityForResult()来实现界面的跳转,下面我们就从startActivityForResult()来梳理Activity的启动流程;
进入startActivityForResult()方法瞧瞧:
private Instrumentation mInstrumentation;
private IBinder mToken;
ActivityThread mMainThread;
Activity mParent;
public void startActivityForResult(@RequiresPermission Intent intent, int requestCode,
@Nullable Bundle options) {
if (mParent == null) {
options = transferSpringboardActivityOptions(options);
Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
intent, requestCode, options);
if (ar != null) {
mMainThread.sendActivityResult(
mToken, mEmbeddedID, requestCode, ar.getResultCode(),
ar.getResultData());
}
if (requestCode >= 0) {
mStartedActivity = true;
}
cancelInputsAndStartExitTransition(options);
// TODO Consider clearing/flushing other event sources and events for child windows.
} else {
if (options != null) {
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode, options);
} else {
// Note we want to go through this method for compatibility with
// existing applications that may have overridden it.
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode);
}
}
}
上面的代码只需要关注mParent ==null这部分,mParent 是一个Activity ,mMainThread.getApplicationThread()得到的是ApplicationThread对象,它是ActivityThread的一个内部类,ActivityThread和ApplicationThread在Activity的启动起着重要作用,一会儿会分析到,Instrumentation的主要作用是application的创建,生命周期管理和启动Activity,接着看mInstrumentation.execStartActivity()方法:
public ActivityResult execStartActivity(
Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, String target,
Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) {
IApplicationThread whoThread = (IApplicationThread) contextThread;
if (mActivityMonitors != null) {
synchronized (mSync) {
final int N = mActivityMonitors.size();
for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
final ActivityMonitor am = mActivityMonitors.get(i);
if (am.match(who, null, intent)) {
am.mHits++;
if (am.isBlocking()) {
return requestCode >= 0 ? am.getResult() : null;
}
break;
}
}
}
}
try {
intent.migrateExtraStreamToClipData();
intent.prepareToLeaveProcess(who);
//启动Activity的真正实现
int result = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
.startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
token, target, requestCode, 0, null, options);
//检查是否在清单文件中注册这个Activity
checkStartActivityResult(result, intent);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);
}
return null;
}
从上面代码可以看出启动Activity的真正实现是通过ActivityManagerNative.getDefault() 的startActivity方法完成的。
ActivityManagerService (AMS)是一个final类,它继承了ActivityManagerNative,而
ActivityManagerNative继承自Binder 并实现了
IActivityManager这个Binder 接口,所以AMS也是一个Binder,它是IActivityManager的具体实现。
public abstract class ActivityManagerNative extends Binder implements IActivityManager
public interface IActivityManager extends IInterface
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()返回的是IActivityManager也就是一个Binder对象,它的具体实现是ActivityManagerService ;
在ActivityManagerNative中,AMS这个对象是采用单例模式Singleton对外提供,第一次调用它的get方法时,会通过create方法初始化AMS,在后续的调用中,直接返回之前创建的对象。
static public IActivityManager getDefault() {
return gDefault.get();
}
private static final Singleton<IActivityManager> gDefault = new Singleton<IActivityManager>() {
protected IActivityManager create() {
IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService("activity");
if (false) {
Log.v("ActivityManager", "default service binder = " + b);
}
IActivityManager am = asInterface(b);
if (false) {
Log.v("ActivityManager", "default service = " + am);
}
return am;
}
};
}
现在我们知道了Activity的启动是ActivityManager来启动的,而ActivityManager的具体实现是AMS,所以我们只需查看AMS中的startActivity方法,先看源码:
@Override
public final int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions) {
return startActivityAsUser(caller, callingPackage, intent, resolvedType, resultTo,
resultWho, requestCode, startFlags, profilerInfo, bOptions,
UserHandle.getCallingUserId());
}
@Override
public final int startActivityAsUser(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions, int userId) {
enforceNotIsolatedCaller("startActivity");
userId = mUserController.handleIncomingUser(Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(),
userId, false, ALLOW_FULL_ONLY, "startActivity", null);
// TODO: Switch to user app stacks here.
return mActivityStarter.startActivityMayWait(caller, -1, callingPackage, intent,
resolvedType, null, null, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags,
profilerInfo, null, null, bOptions, false, userId, null, null);
}
可以看出Activity的启动过程又传递给了ActivityStarter的startActivityMayWait方法,进入到startActivityMayWait类中,有进行了几次传递,由startActivityMayWait—>startActivityLocked—>startActivityUnchecked再调用ActivityStackSupervisor类的resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked方法再调用ActivityStack的resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked方法,这个时候启动过程已经转移到ActivityStack中。
看看ActivityStack的resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked方法:
/**
* Ensure that the top activity in the stack is resumed.
*/
boolean resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(ActivityRecord prev, ActivityOptions options) {
if (mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity) {
// Don't even start recursing.
return false;
}
boolean result = false;
try {
// Protect against recursion.
mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity = true;
if (mService.mLockScreenShown == ActivityManagerService.LOCK_SCREEN_LEAVING) {
mService.mLockScreenShown = ActivityManagerService.LOCK_SCREEN_HIDDEN;
mService.updateSleepIfNeededLocked();
}
result = resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(prev, options);
} finally {
mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity = false;
}
return result;
}
这个方法的作用是确定在栈顶的activity已经获得,这个方法又调用了
resumeTopActivityInnerLocked方法:在resumeTopActivityInnerLocked方法又调用了ActivityStackSupervisor的startSpecificActivityLocked方法,此时启动过程转到ActivityStackSupervisor中,看看startSpecificActivityLocked方法:
void startSpecificActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r,
boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) {
// Is this activity's application already running?
ProcessRecord app = mService.getProcessRecordLocked(r.processName,
r.info.applicationInfo.uid, true);
r.task.stack.setLaunchTime(r);
if (app != null && app.thread != null) {
try {
if ((r.info.flags&ActivityInfo.FLAG_MULTIPROCESS) == 0
|| !"android".equals(r.info.packageName)) {
// Don't add this if it is a platform component that is marked
// to run in multiple processes, because this is actually
// part of the framework so doesn't make sense to track as a
// separate apk in the process.
app.addPackage(r.info.packageName, r.info.applicationInfo.versionCode,
mService.mProcessStats);
}
realStartActivityLocked(r, app, andResume, checkConfig);
return;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Exception when starting activity "
+ r.intent.getComponent().flattenToShortString(), e);
}
// If a dead object exception was thrown -- fall through to
// restart the application.
}
mService.startProcessLocked(r.processName, r.info.applicationInfo, true, 0,
"activity", r.intent.getComponent(), false, false, true);
}
startSpecificActivityLocked又调用了realStartActivityLocked方法,
大概的流程图:
其中的核心代码:
final boolean realStartActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, ProcessRecord app,
boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) throws RemoteException {
......
app.thread.scheduleLaunchActivity(new Intent(r.intent), r.appToken,
System.identityHashCode(r), r.info, new Configuration(mService.mConfiguration),
new Configuration(task.mOverrideConfig), r.compat, r.launchedFromPackage,
task.voiceInteractor, app.repProcState, r.icicle, r.persistentState, results,
newIntents, !andResume, mService.isNextTransitionForward(), profilerInfo);
......
}
app.thread是IApplicationThread,它继承了IInterface接口,是一个Binder类型的接口,看一下IApplicationThread的一些源码:
public interface IApplicationThread extends IInterface {
void schedulePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished, boolean userLeaving,
int configChanges, boolean dontReport) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleStopActivity(IBinder token, boolean showWindow,
int configChanges) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleWindowVisibility(IBinder token, boolean showWindow) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleSleeping(IBinder token, boolean sleeping) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleResumeActivity(IBinder token, int procState, boolean isForward, Bundle resumeArgs)
throws RemoteException;
void scheduleSendResult(IBinder token, List<ResultInfo> results) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
ActivityInfo info, Configuration curConfig, Configuration overrideConfig,
CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
int procState, Bundle state, PersistableBundle persistentState,
List<ResultInfo> pendingResults, List<ReferrerIntent> pendingNewIntents,
boolean notResumed, boolean isForward, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleRelaunchActivity(IBinder token, List<ResultInfo> pendingResults,
List<ReferrerIntent> pendingNewIntents, int configChanges, boolean notResumed,
Configuration config, Configuration overrideConfig, boolean preserveWindow)
throws RemoteException;
void scheduleNewIntent(
List<ReferrerIntent> intent, IBinder token, boolean andPause) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleDestroyActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
int configChanges) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleReceiver(Intent intent, ActivityInfo info, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo,
int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras, boolean sync,
int sendingUser, int processState) throws RemoteException;
static final int BACKUP_MODE_INCREMENTAL = 0;
static final int BACKUP_MODE_FULL = 1;
static final int BACKUP_MODE_RESTORE = 2;
static final int BACKUP_MODE_RESTORE_FULL = 3;
void scheduleCreateBackupAgent(ApplicationInfo app, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo,
int backupMode) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleDestroyBackupAgent(ApplicationInfo app, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo)
throws RemoteException;
void scheduleCreateService(IBinder token, ServiceInfo info,
CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, int processState) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleBindService(IBinder token,
Intent intent, boolean rebind, int processState) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleUnbindService(IBinder token,
Intent intent) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleServiceArgs(IBinder token, boolean taskRemoved, int startId,
int flags, Intent args) throws RemoteException;
void scheduleStopService(IBinder token) throws RemoteException;
......
}
可以看出IApplicationThread中声明了启动 停止activity的接口,还包含service的启动和停止,IApplicationThread的实现类是ActivityThread的内部类ApplicationThread
private class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative {
public abstract class ApplicationThreadNative extends Binder
implements IApplicationThread {
这个时候activity的启动过程回到了ApplicationThread 中,在ApplicationThread 中通过调用scheduleLaunchActivity来启动activity:
@Override
public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
ActivityInfo info, Configuration curConfig, Configuration overrideConfig,
CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
int procState, Bundle state, PersistableBundle persistentState,
List<ResultInfo> pendingResults, List<ReferrerIntent> pendingNewIntents,
boolean notResumed, boolean isForward, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo) {
updateProcessState(procState, false);
ActivityClientRecord r = new ActivityClientRecord();
r.token = token;
r.ident = ident;
r.intent = intent;
r.referrer = referrer;
r.voiceInteractor = voiceInteractor;
r.activityInfo = info;
r.compatInfo = compatInfo;
r.state = state;
r.persistentState = persistentState;
r.pendingResults = pendingResults;
r.pendingIntents = pendingNewIntents;
r.startsNotResumed = notResumed;
r.isForward = isForward;
r.profilerInfo = profilerInfo;
r.overrideConfig = overrideConfig;
updatePendingConfiguration(curConfig);
sendMessage(H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY, r);
}
scheduleLaunchActivity方法中通过sendMessage(H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY, r)发送一个启动activity的消息让handler处理即H;
private class H extends Handler {
public static final int LAUNCH_ACTIVITY = 100;
public static final int PAUSE_ACTIVITY = 101;
public static final int PAUSE_ACTIVITY_FINISHING= 102;
public static final int STOP_ACTIVITY_SHOW = 103;
public static final int STOP_ACTIVITY_HIDE = 104;
public static final int SHOW_WINDOW = 105;
public static final int HIDE_WINDOW = 106;
public static final int RESUME_ACTIVITY = 107;
public static final int SEND_RESULT = 108;
public static final int DESTROY_ACTIVITY = 109;
public static final int BIND_APPLICATION = 110;
public static final int EXIT_APPLICATION = 111;
public static final int NEW_INTENT = 112;
public static final int RECEIVER = 113;
public static final int CREATE_SERVICE = 114;
public static final int SERVICE_ARGS = 115;
public static final int STOP_SERVICE = 116;
.......
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));
switch (msg.what) {
case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStart");
final ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord) msg.obj;
r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
r.activityInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo);
handleLaunchActivity(r, null, "LAUNCH_ACTIVITY");
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
} break;
case RELAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityRestart");
ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord)msg.obj;
handleRelaunchActivity(r);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
} break;
case PAUSE_ACTIVITY: {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityPause");
SomeArgs args = (SomeArgs) msg.obj;
handlePauseActivity((IBinder) args.arg1, false,
(args.argi1 & USER_LEAVING) != 0, args.argi2,
(args.argi1 & DONT_REPORT) != 0, args.argi3);
maybeSnapshot();
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
} break;
......
}
Object obj = msg.obj;
if (obj instanceof SomeArgs) {
((SomeArgs) obj).recycle();
}
if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, "<<< done: " + codeToString(msg.what));
}
在H中通过调用ActivityThread的handleLaunchActivity方法来启动Activity:
private void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent, String reason) {
...
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
TAG, "Handling launch of " + r);
// Initialize before creating the activity
WindowManagerGlobal.initialize();
Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
if (a != null) {
r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
reportSizeConfigurations(r);
Bundle oldState = r.state;
handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward,
!r.activity.mFinished && !r.startsNotResumed, r.lastProcessedSeq, reason);
...
}
}
由上面的代码可以看出performLaunchActivity方法完成了Activity的创建和启动,并ActivityThread通过handleResumeActivity方法来调用被启动的Activity的onResume这个生命周期方法;
看看performLaunchActivity方法的源码:
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
// System.out.println("##### [" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "] ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(" + r + ")");
//获取待启动的Activity的组件信息
ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo;
if (r.packageInfo == null) {
r.packageInfo = getPackageInfo(aInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo,
Context.CONTEXT_INCLUDE_CODE);
}
ComponentName component = r.intent.getComponent();
if (component == null) {
component = r.intent.resolveActivity(
mInitialApplication.getPackageManager());
r.intent.setComponent(component);
}
if (r.activityInfo.targetActivity != null) {
component = new ComponentName(r.activityInfo.packageName,
r.activityInfo.targetActivity);
}
//使用类加载器创建Activity对象
Activity activity = null;
try {
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader();
activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass());
r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
r.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
if (r.state != null) {
r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to instantiate activity " + component
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
//创建Application对象
try {
Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Performing launch of " + r);
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
TAG, r + ": app=" + app
+ ", appName=" + app.getPackageName()
+ ", pkg=" + r.packageInfo.getPackageName()
+ ", comp=" + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString()
+ ", dir=" + r.packageInfo.getAppDir());
if (activity != null) {
//创建Context对象
Context appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r, activity);
CharSequence title = r.activityInfo.loadLabel(appContext.getPackageManager());
Configuration config = new Configuration(mCompatConfiguration);
if (r.overrideConfig != null) {
config.updateFrom(r.overrideConfig);
}
if (DEBUG_CONFIGURATION) Slog.v(TAG, "Launching activity "
+ r.activityInfo.name + " with config " + config);
Window window = null;
if (r.mPendingRemoveWindow != null && r.mPreserveWindow) {
window = r.mPendingRemoveWindow;
r.mPendingRemoveWindow = null;
r.mPendingRemoveWindowManager = null;
}
//通过activity的attach初始化一些重要的数据
activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window);
if (customIntent != null) {
activity.mIntent = customIntent;
}
r.lastNonConfigurationInstances = null;
activity.mStartedActivity = false;
int theme = r.activityInfo.getThemeResource();
if (theme != 0) {
activity.setTheme(theme);
}
activity.mCalled = false;
//调用callActivityOnCreate方法完成整个启动过程
if (r.isPersistable()) {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state, r.persistentState);
} else {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
}
if (!activity.mCalled) {
throw new SuperNotCalledException(
"Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() +
" did not call through to super.onCreate()");
}
r.activity = activity;
r.stopped = true;
if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
activity.performStart();
r.stopped = false;
}
if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
if (r.isPersistable()) {
if (r.state != null || r.persistentState != null) {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnRestoreInstanceState(activity, r.state,
r.persistentState);
}
} else if (r.state != null) {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnRestoreInstanceState(activity, r.state);
}
}
if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
activity.mCalled = false;
if (r.isPersistable()) {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPostCreate(activity, r.state,
r.persistentState);
} else {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPostCreate(activity, r.state);
}
if (!activity.mCalled) {
throw new SuperNotCalledException(
"Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() +
" did not call through to super.onPostCreate()");
}
}
}
r.paused = true;
mActivities.put(r.token, r);
} catch (SuperNotCalledException e) {
throw e;
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to start activity " + component
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
return activity;
}
performLaunchActivity主要完成了以下几件事:
- 从ActivityClientRecord中获取待启动的Activity的组件信息
- 通过Instrumentation的newActivity方法使用类加载器创建Activity对象;
- 通过LoadedApk的makeApplication方法创建Application对象,在这个方法中判断了Application是否为null,为null就创建,不为null直接返回,所以Application只初始化一次;
- 创建Context对象并通过activity的attach初始化一些重要的数据;
- 调用Activity的OnCreate方法完成整个启动过程;
此外,performLaunchActivity方法还完成了设置主题、创建window并与window建立关联,这样window接收道德外部输入事件就会传到Activity。
至此Activity的启动流程就完成了;