一对多、多对一这种关系在现实生活中很多,例如部门与员工的关系,学校里班级与学生的关系...
那么在具体的系统实现中如果i实现这种关联关系呢?这里以部门和员工的关系为例。
部门实体类
package test.hibernate.hbmOneToMany;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class Department {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Set<Employee> employees = new HashSet<Employee>();
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Set<Employee> getEmployees() {
return employees;
}
public void setEmployees(Set<Employee> employees) {
this.employees = employees;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return "[employee:id=" + id + ",name=" + name + "]";
}
}
员工实体类
package test.hibernate.hbmOneToMany;
public class Employee {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Department department=new Department();
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Department getDepartment() {
return department;
}
public void setDepartment(Department department) {
this.department = department;
}
}
部门映射Department.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="test.hibernate.hbmOneToMany">
<class name="Department" table="department">
<id name="id" type="integer" column="id">
<generator class="native" />
</id>
<property name="name" />
<!-- inverse属性:默认为false,表示本方维护关联关系;
如果设为true,表示本方不维护关联关系
只是影响是否能设置外键列的值(设成有效值或是null值),对获取信息没有影响
-->
<set name="employees" inverse="false">
<key column="departmentId"></key>
<one-to-many class="Employee" />
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
inverse=false
inverse=true
员工映射文件Employee.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="test.hibernate.hbmOneToMany">
<class name="Employee" table="employee">
<id name="id" type="integer" column="id">
<generator class="native" />
</id>
<property name="name"/>
<many-to-one name="department" class="Department" column="departmentId"></many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
测试类App
package test.hibernate.hbmOneToMany;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.Test;
public class App {
private static SessionFactory sessionFactory = new Configuration()//
.configure()//
.addClass(Department.class)// 添加Hibernate实体类(加载对应的映射文件)
.addClass(Employee.class)//
.buildSessionFactory();
@Test
public void testSave() throws Exception {
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
// --------------------------------------------
// 构建对象
Department department = new Department();
department.setName("开发部");
Employee employee = new Employee();
employee.setName("张三");
Employee employee2 = new Employee();
employee2.setName("李瑟");
// 关联起来
employee.setDepartment(department);
employee2.setDepartment(department);
department.getEmployees().add(employee);
department.getEmployees().add(employee2);
// 保存
session.save(department);
session.save(employee);
session.save(employee2);
// --------------------------------------------
session.getTransaction().commit();
session.close();
}
// 获取到部门关联的员工
@Test
public void testGet() throws Exception {
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
// 获取数据
Department department = (Department) session.get(Department.class, 1);
System.out.println(department.getId());
System.out.println(department.getName());
System.out.println(department.getEmployees());
session.getTransaction().commit();
session.close();
}
// 解除关联关系
@Test
public void testRemoveRelation() throws Exception {
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
// --------------------------------------------
// 从员工解除与部门的关联,也就是员工不再属于任何部门
// Employee employee=(Employee) session.get(Employee.class, 8);
// employee.setDepartment(null);
// 从部门解除员工关系
Department department = (Department) session.get(Department.class, 1);
// 要使这句有效,需将映射文件里的inverse设为false,即部门恢复维护关系
department.getEmployees().clear();
// --------------------------------------------
session.getTransaction().commit();
session.close();
}
// 删除部门及对员工的影响
@Test
public void testDelete() throws Exception {
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
// --------------------------------------------
// 删除员工,对部门没有影响
// Employee employee=(Employee) session.get(Employee.class, 9);
// session.delete(employee);
/*
* 如果没有关联的员工,能删除
* 如果有关联的员工且inverse=true,由于不能维护关联关系,会直接执行删除且报异常
* 如果有关联的员工且inverse=false,由于可以维护关联关系,会将员工的外键设为null,再删除自己
*/
Department department = (Department) session.get(Department.class, 8);
session.delete(department);
// --------------------------------------------
session.getTransaction().commit();
session.close();
}
}
级联是指操作主对象时,对关联的对象也做相同的操作。 默认为none,代表不级联。可设为:delete、save-update、all、none... 一般在多对一或一对多的时候使用级联,多对多的时候不使用级联。
修改后的测试代码:
Department.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="test.hibernate.hbmOneToMany">
<class name="Department" table="department">
<id name="id" type="integer" column="id">
<generator class="native" />
</id>
<property name="name" />
<!-- inverse属性:默认为false,表示本方维护关联关系;
如果设为true,表示本方不维护关联关系
只是影响是否能设置外键列的值(设成有效值或是null值),对获取信息没有影响
cascade级联属性:
即删掉一个Department,会同时删掉department下的所有employees
-->
<set name="employees" inverse="false" cascade="save-update">
<key column="departmentId"></key>
<one-to-many class="Employee" />
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
package test.hibernate.hbmOneToMany;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.Test;
public class App {
private static SessionFactory sessionFactory = new Configuration()//
.configure()//
.addClass(Department.class)// 添加Hibernate实体类(加载对应的映射文件)
.addClass(Employee.class)//
.buildSessionFactory();
@Test
public void testSave() throws Exception {
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
// --------------------------------------------
// 构建对象
Department department = new Department();
department.setName("开发部");
Employee employee = new Employee();
employee.setName("张三");
Employee employee2 = new Employee();
employee2.setName("李瑟");
// 关联起来
employee.setDepartment(department);
employee2.setDepartment(department);
department.getEmployees().add(employee);
department.getEmployees().add(employee2);
// 保存
// session.save(department);
// session.save(employee);
// session.save(employee2);
//级联保存,将cascade设为save-update
session.save(department);
// --------------------------------------------
session.getTransaction().commit();
session.close();
}
// 获取到部门关联的员工
@Test
public void testGet() throws Exception {
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
// 获取数据
Department department = (Department) session.get(Department.class, 1);
System.out.println(department.getId());
System.out.println(department.getName());
System.out.println(department.getEmployees());
session.getTransaction().commit();
session.close();
}
// 解除关联关系
@Test
public void testRemoveRelation() throws Exception {
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
// --------------------------------------------
// 从员工解除与部门的关联,也就是员工不再属于任何部门
// Employee employee=(Employee) session.get(Employee.class, 8);
// employee.setDepartment(null);
// 从部门解除员工关系
Department department = (Department) session.get(Department.class, 1);
// 要使这句有效,需将映射文件里的inverse设为false,即部门恢复维护关系
department.getEmployees().clear();
// --------------------------------------------
session.getTransaction().commit();
session.close();
}
// 删除部门及对员工的影响
@Test
public void testDelete() throws Exception {
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
// --------------------------------------------
// 删除员工,对部门没有影响
// Employee employee=(Employee) session.get(Employee.class, 9);
// session.delete(employee);
/*
* 如果没有关联的员工,能删除
* 如果有关联的员工且inverse=true,由于不能维护关联关系,会直接执行删除且报异常
* 如果有关联的员工且inverse=false,由于可以维护关联关系,会将员工的外键设为null,再删除自己
*/
Department department = (Department) session.get(Department.class, 10);
session.delete(department);
// --------------------------------------------
session.getTransaction().commit();
session.close();
}
}
原文出处:http://blog.csdn.net/lindonglian/article/details/46906487