Docker 常用命令 - 镜像与容器

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已于 2022-06-19 23:28:53 修改

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分类专栏： Docker 文章标签： docker

于 2022-06-19 09:15:00 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ling1998/article/details/125352933

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Docker命令，可参见官网：Reference documentation | Docker Documentation

查看docker版本（version）

docker version

[root@k8snode docker]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           20.10.17
 API version:       1.41
 Go version:        go1.17.11
 Git commit:        100c701
 Built:             Mon Jun  6 23:05:12 2022
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default
 Experimental:      true

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          20.10.17
  API version:      1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.17.11
  Git commit:       a89b842
  Built:            Mon Jun  6 23:03:33 2022
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.6.6
  GitCommit:        10c12954828e7c7c9b6e0ea9b0c02b01407d3ae1
 runc:
  Version:          1.1.2
  GitCommit:        v1.1.2-0-ga916309
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0

查看docker系统信息（info）

docker info

[root@k8snode docker]# docker info
Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
  buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.8.2-docker)
  scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.8.0)

Server:
 Containers: 1
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 1
 Images: 1
 Server Version: 20.10.17
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: xfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
  userxattr: false
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Cgroup Version: 1
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 10c12954828e7c7c9b6e0ea9b0c02b01407d3ae1
 runc version: v1.1.2-0-ga916309
 init version: de40ad0
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 2
 Total Memory: 3.685GiB
 Name: k8snode
 ID: AWKY:4SBX:FUFZ:V6PR:ZFDR:ECNU:EQZA:4ELO:DTYE:6NGG:HLXE:ZE6G
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Registry Mirrors:
  https://qiyb9988.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
 Live Restore Enabled: false

查看docker帮助命令（--help）

docker --help

[root@k8snode docker]# docker --help

Usage:  docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
  -c, --context string     Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and
                           default context set with "docker context use")
  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
  -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version            Print version information and quit

Management Commands:
  app*        Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
  builder     Manage builds
  buildx*     Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.8.2-docker)
  config      Manage Docker configs
  container   Manage containers
  context     Manage contexts
  image       Manage images
  manifest    Manage Docker image manifests and manifest lists
  network     Manage networks
  node        Manage Swarm nodes
  plugin      Manage plugins
  scan*       Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.8.0)
  secret      Manage Docker secrets
  service     Manage services
  stack       Manage Docker stacks
  swarm       Manage Swarm
  system      Manage Docker
  trust       Manage trust on Docker images
  volume      Manage volumes

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  events      Get real time events from the server
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  history     Show the history of an image
  images      List images
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  info        Display system-wide information
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  login       Log in to a Docker registry
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  ps          List containers
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  rmi         Remove one or more images
  run         Run a command in a new container
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  version     Show the Docker version information
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

To get more help with docker, check out our guides at https://docs.docker.com/go/guides/

镜像

查看镜像帮助（images）

docker images --help

[root@k8snode docker]# docker images --help

Usage:  docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

List images

Options:
  -a, --all             Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
      --digests         Show digests
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only show image IDs

查看本地主机所有镜像（images）

docker images

[root@k8snode docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   15 months ago   13.3kB

REPOSITORY：镜像的仓库源

TAG：镜像的标签（版本）

IMAGE_ID：镜像ID

CREATED：镜像的创建时间

SIZE：镜像大小

查看所有镜像（images -a）

docker images -a

[root@k8snode docker]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   15 months ago   13.3kB

查看所有镜像ID（images -aq）

docker images -aq

[root@k8snode docker]# docker images -aq
d1165f221234

查看搜索镜像（search）

可通过官网进行搜索：Docker Hub

docker search xxx ## xxx 要搜索的镜像名称

[root@k8snode docker]# docker search golang
NAME                                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
golang                              Go (golang) is a general purpose, higher-lev…   4137      [OK]       
golangci/golangci-lint                                                              26                   
circleci/golang                     CircleCI images for Go                          18                   [OK]
portainer/golang-builder            Utility to build Golang binaries.               6                    [OK]
bitnami/golang                                                                      4                    
superseriousbusiness/gotosocial     A Golang fediverse server!                      3                    
docker/dev-environments-go          Image for dev-environments using Golang as m…   2                    
golangci/build-runner               Image for running analysis (build) for https…   1                    
jetbrainsinfra/golang               Golang + custom build tools                     1                    [OK]
puppet/gogrpc                       A container for building golang projects tha…   1                    [OK]
clearlinux/golang                   Go (golang) imperative programming language …   1                    
pivotalcfreleng/golang              this image is deprecated. Please use gcr.io/…   1                    
golangci/golangci-api                                                               1                    
okteto/golang.1.17                                                                  0                    
okteto/golang-http-template                                                         0                    
antrea/golang                                                                       0                    
ibmcom/golang-net-ppc64le           Docker image for golang-net-ppc64leDocker im…   0                    
datadog/dogstatsdclienttest         dummy test golang application using the dogs…   0                    
ibmcom/golang-base-ppc64le                                                          0                    
drud/golang-build-container         Build system golang tools - derived from off…   0                    
almalinux/golang                                                                    0                    
rancher/golang                                                                      0                    
okteto/golang-ci                                                                    0                    
okteto/golang                       Development environment for golang              0                    
okteto/golang-middleware-template                                                   0

Docker Hub搜索如下图所示：

搜索某镜像星数量大于2000以上的镜像（--filter=STARS=2000）

docker search xxx --filter=STARS=2000 ## xxx 要搜索的镜像名称

[root@k8snode docker]# docker search golang --filter=STARS=2000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
golang    Go (golang) is a general purpose, higher-lev…   4137      [OK]

下载镜像（pull）

docker 下载为分层下载，

docker pull xxx ## xxx 镜像名称

[root@k8snode docker]# docker pull golang
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/golang
0e29546d541c: Pull complete 
9b829c73b52b: Pull complete 
cb5b7ae36172: Pull complete 
6494e4811622: Pull complete 
6e1d20a8313e: Pull complete 
593823f101dc: Pull complete 
1b4aae56cdbe: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:c72fa9afc50b3303e8044cf28fb358b48032a548e1825819420fd40155a131cb
Status: Downloaded newer image for golang:latest
docker.io/library/golang:latest

下载镜像指定版本（pull 镜像名称:版本号）

docker pull 镜像名称:版本号

版本号可通过Docker Hub官网查看，搜索所golang版本号如下图所示：

[root@k8snode docker]# docker pull golang:1.18
1.18: Pulling from library/golang
e756f3fdd6a3: Pull complete 
bf168a674899: Pull complete 
e604223835cc: Pull complete 
6d5c91c4cd86: Pull complete 
93c221c34e03: Pull complete 
399edca3a0ef: Pull complete 
00fc5c011105: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:1c3d22f95ce57821fff1dcd857c54809ea62f33634e2696e0d623e077c97bb8f
Status: Downloaded newer image for golang:1.18
docker.io/library/golang:1.18

当前下载golang最新版本是1.17，居然最新版本比1.18版本低

[root@k8snode docker]# docker pull golang:1.17
1.17: Pulling from library/golang
Digest: sha256:c72fa9afc50b3303e8044cf28fb358b48032a548e1825819420fd40155a131cb
Status: Downloaded newer image for golang:1.17
docker.io/library/golang:1.17


[root@k8snode docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
golang        1.18      76199a964a3f   2 weeks ago     964MB
golang        1.17      276895edf967   5 months ago    941MB
golang        latest    276895edf967   5 months ago    941MB
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   15 months ago   13.3kB

删除镜像（rmi）

docker rmi -f 镜像名称或镜像ID

[root@k8snode docker]# docker rmi -f golang
Untagged: golang:latest

[root@k8snode docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
golang        1.18      76199a964a3f   2 weeks ago     964MB
golang        1.17      276895edf967   5 months ago    941MB
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   15 months ago   13.3kB

删除所有镜像（ rmi -f $(docker images -aq)）

docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)

[root@k8snode docker]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
Untagged: golang:1.18
Untagged: golang@sha256:1c3d22f95ce57821fff1dcd857c54809ea62f33634e2696e0d623e077c97bb8f
Deleted: sha256:76199a964a3fc66e31bda713381e92285f479fe8e3d4514a473f95ffc2062440
Deleted: sha256:9d76ab56b73e9d6c429dd5b7f36d14ce0b07beb4e70e383bdee4528c842ca8d0
Deleted: sha256:1c6310c5038ffaf0fcd90b58840381cacf004bcf2d3aeabd42172e4117b30811
Deleted: sha256:5d5684dbac861316e4aa57dcb5a982a478254f887640d0eacf5cba229eacb163
Deleted: sha256:07a39554eef56d61b87b8182887617dabe23fe1dc2e3d262364edc40532bead6
Deleted: sha256:f96a62e97438c84cd89bf41408ab799663f2ed8d02c8aa2700f5ab7b0a13759f
Deleted: sha256:aab98b40d1834bdc05cd619b67a315a87cb769771cb7fa73aaff551b6d5a3afb
Deleted: sha256:e7597c345c2eb11bce09b055d7c167c526077d7c65f69a7f3c6150ffe3f557ea
Untagged: golang:1.17
Untagged: golang@sha256:c72fa9afc50b3303e8044cf28fb358b48032a548e1825819420fd40155a131cb
Deleted: sha256:276895edf9673267f47528e8a99401f2d2947f6c9c00490f773d5ed8f559bef2
Deleted: sha256:f9925574d34663c6f0f2135512cd1e7b94490279982657a6a40fb0693ce9df41
Deleted: sha256:5ba934ce54ed16893dd8cae2c36bdcc25f9cb1a4d51dba9cbedda4b4f1bbf53f
Deleted: sha256:3a9da346a75c7c4cdacacd945f87d73b964a07007c4e5e8f9435c367176ceeb9
Deleted: sha256:cbce712ed17923285239f9d9c0528984aef065b7413d68a0290e2c8eecc98f4a
Deleted: sha256:aa56d037ee5925ebf11127c3e1f617874c4ce8bae6b6af7d132b7f7a4a606e6f
Deleted: sha256:97e5f44efb543d466c5847602654a8cb22c9466b61d04988d47ec44b197ea874
Deleted: sha256:11936051f93baf5a4fb090a8fa0999309b8173556f7826598e235e8a82127bce
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:9f6ad537c5132bcce57f7a0a20e317228d382c3cd61edae14650eec68b2b345c
Deleted: sha256:d1165f2212346b2bab48cb01c1e39ee8ad1be46b87873d9ca7a4e434980a7726

[root@k8snode docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE

查看镜像信息（image inspect）

docker image inspect 镜像名称或镜像ID

[root@k8snode docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   9 months ago   231MB


[root@k8snode docker]# docker image inspect centos
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "RepoTags": [
            "centos:latest"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [
            "centos@sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177"
        ],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2021-09-15T18:20:05.184694267Z",
        "Container": "9bf8a9e2ddff4c0d76a587c40239679f29c863a967f23abf7a5babb6c2121bf1",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "9bf8a9e2ddff",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "#(nop) ",
                "CMD [\"/bin/bash\"]"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:f5b050f177fd426be8fe998a8ecf3fb1858d7e26dff4080b29a327d1bd5ba422",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "DockerVersion": "20.10.7",
        "Author": "",
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:f5b050f177fd426be8fe998a8ecf3fb1858d7e26dff4080b29a327d1bd5ba422",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "Architecture": "amd64",
        "Os": "linux",
        "Size": 231268856,
        "VirtualSize": 231268856,
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c27a3ca68a6c15ce2ddad07cce7ac140b0db7beec753dc86e5832f9a51d8038b/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c27a3ca68a6c15ce2ddad07cce7ac140b0db7beec753dc86e5832f9a51d8038b/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c27a3ca68a6c15ce2ddad07cce7ac140b0db7beec753dc86e5832f9a51d8038b/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "RootFS": {
            "Type": "layers",
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:74ddd0ec08fa43d09f32636ba91a0a3053b02cb4627c35051aff89f853606b59"
            ]
        },
        "Metadata": {
            "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        }
    }
]

提交镜像（commit）

docker commit -a="作者" -m="描述信息" 容器ID 新的镜像名称:[TAG]

# 注：新的镜像名需要都是小写字母，否则报错

[root@k8snode docker]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED       STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
22fd5c1dd28a   centos    "/bin/bash"   2 hours ago   Up 59 minutes             hungry_murdock

#新的镜像名需要都是小写字母，否则报错
[root@k8snode docker]# docker commit -a="tracy" -m="创建一个新的镜像" 22fd5c1dd28a centosNew:1.0
invalid reference format: repository name must be lowercase

#创建新的镜像
[root@k8snode docker]# docker commit -a="tracy" -m="创建一个新的镜像" 22fd5c1dd28a centos_new:1.0
sha256:253389f049192b02b66b00bb01b33f1fc99740f227d28d977801291f99e7d5e1

查看镜像
[root@k8snode docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED              SIZE
centos_new   1.0       253389f04919   About a minute ago   231MB
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   9 months ago         231MB

[root@k8snode docker]# docker image inspect centos_new:1.0
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:253389f049192b02b66b00bb01b33f1fc99740f227d28d977801291f99e7d5e1",
        "RepoTags": [
            "centos_new:1.0"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [],
        "Parent": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "Comment": "创建一个新的镜像",
        "Created": "2022-06-18T21:01:34.769636543Z",
        "Container": "22fd5c1dd28a649279272d48637f9b0c8f6f5130947122db8b50675939a7f6d5",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "22fd5c1dd28a",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "DockerVersion": "20.10.17",
        "Author": "tracy",
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "22fd5c1dd28a",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "Architecture": "amd64",
        "Os": "linux",
        "Size": 231268986,
        "VirtualSize": 231268986,
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c27a3ca68a6c15ce2ddad07cce7ac140b0db7beec753dc86e5832f9a51d8038b/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c22908a65a095b6962885ff491a50748b39dfe6246506099856c5454e1ac889a/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c22908a65a095b6962885ff491a50748b39dfe6246506099856c5454e1ac889a/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c22908a65a095b6962885ff491a50748b39dfe6246506099856c5454e1ac889a/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "RootFS": {
            "Type": "layers",
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:74ddd0ec08fa43d09f32636ba91a0a3053b02cb4627c35051aff89f853606b59",
                "sha256:33e8a1d72a35cd534492ac7cb2d3bb177c85ee88188586d99f944e529832ca90"
            ]
        },
        "Metadata": {
            "LastTagTime": "2022-06-19T05:01:34.771319257+08:00"
        }
    }
]

查看镜像历史（history）

docker history 镜像ID

[root@k8snode docker]# docker history e4d0d69335b9
IMAGE          CREATED          CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
e4d0d69335b9   40 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "/bin…   0B        
7b09507b702a   40 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo…   0B        
d1e6f8755c5b   40 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 8088                  0B        
d6cf1e5acb67   40 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c yum install -y vim                   226MB     
e8462a5c6513   42 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /usr/local/golang     0B        
810edc15eb13   42 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV GOPATH=/usr/local/gol…   0B        
ea257c125669   42 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c mkdir /usr/local/golang              0B        
83d86de424bd   42 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  MAINTAINER tracy<xxx@qq.c…   0B        
eeb6ee3f44bd   9 months ago     /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B        
<missing>      9 months ago     /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL org.label-schema.sc…   0B        
<missing>      9 months ago     /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:b3ebbe8bd304723d4…   204MB

容器

容器间是相互隔离的。

启动容器（run）

docker run [可选参数] 镜像名称

# 可选参数

--name=容器名称

-d 后台方式运行

-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看

-p 指定容器端囗（-p 主机端囗:容器端囗；-p ip 主机端囗:容器端囗；-p 容器端囗；容器端囗）

-P 随机指定端囗

[root@k8snode docker]# docker pull centos  #下载镜像centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest          

[root@k8snode docker]# docker images      #查看下载的镜像
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   9 months ago   231MB

[root@k8snode docker]# docker run --name=centos01 -it centos /bin/bash  #启动容器
[root@14bd58c52b00 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@14bd58c52b00 /]#

后台启动容器（run -d）

docker run -d centos

[root@k8snode docker]# docker run -d centos
5b20db7ee284de73409e9c2062d424ff7593161ca676aedc4b9f3130f99956cc

[root@k8snode docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

此命令执行完容器停止了，因为容器使用后台运行，需要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用使用就会自动停止。

进入容器

进入容器（exec）

docker exec -it 容器ID /bin/bash

# 进入容器后开户了一个新的终端

[root@k8snode docker]# docker exec -it 22fd5c1dd28a /bin/bash
[root@22fd5c1dd28a /]#

进入容器（attach）

docker attach 容器ID

# 进入容器开启的是正在执行的终端，不会启动新的终端

[root@22fd5c1dd28a /]# exit
exit
[root@k8snode docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
22fd5c1dd28a   centos    "/bin/bash"   39 minutes ago   Up 24 minutes             hungry_murdock

[root@k8snode docker]# docker attach 22fd5c1dd28a
[root@22fd5c1dd28a /]#

退出容器

退出容器并停止容器（exit）

exit #退出容器并停止容器

[root@14bd58c52b00 /]# exit
exit
[root@k8snode docker]#

退出容器但不停止容器（Ctrl+p+q）

Ctrl +ｐ+ｑ＃退出容器但不停止容器

[root@a348297a5eec /]# [root@k8snode docker]# 
[root@k8snode docker]#

查看容器（ps）

docker ps [可选参数]

# 可选参数

可选参数为空列出当前正在运行的容器

-a 列出当前及历史运行的容器

-n=x 显示最近创建的容器

-q 只显示容器编号

[root@k8snode docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

[root@k8snode docker]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
14bd58c52b00   centos         "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago             centos01
d5d9147af12e   d1165f221234   "/hello"      11 months ago   Exited (0) 11 months ago                  inspiring_mclean

查看最近创建的n个容器（ps -n=几个）

docker ps -n=几个

[root@k8snode docker]# docker ps -n=1
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
14bd58c52b00   centos    "/bin/bash"   9 minutes ago   Exited (0) 6 minutes ago             centos01

查看所有容器的编号（ps -aq）

docker ps -aq

[root@k8snode docker]# docker ps -aq
14bd58c52b00
d5d9147af12e

删除容器（rm）

删除指定容器

docker rm -f 容器ID # -f 可删除正在运行的容器

[root@k8snode docker]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
a348297a5eec   centos    "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes             elegant_swanson

[root@k8snode docker]# docker rm -f a348297a5eec
a348297a5eec

[root@k8snode docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

删除所有容器

docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)

[root@k8snode docker]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
14bd58c52b00   centos         "/bin/bash"   2 hours ago     Exited (0) 2 hours ago               centos01
d5d9147af12e   d1165f221234   "/hello"      11 months ago   Exited (0) 11 months ago             inspiring_mclean

[root@k8snode docker]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
14bd58c52b00
d5d9147af12e

[root@k8snode docker]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@k8snode docker]#

删除所有容器

docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm

[root@k8snode docker]# docker run -d centos
de750b743f026f9776de171fc91f9e153cb7ba826553afe24a5b556698e86db7

[root@k8snode docker]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
de750b743f02   centos    "/bin/bash"   14 seconds ago   Exited (0) 13 seconds ago             jovial_roentgen

[root@k8snode docker]# docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm
de750b743f02
[root@k8snode docker]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

启动容器（start）

docker start 容器ID

[root@k8snode docker]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@22fd5c1dd28a /]# exit
exit
[root@k8snode docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

[root@k8snode docker]# docker start 22fd5c1dd28a
22fd5c1dd28a

[root@k8snode docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
22fd5c1dd28a   centos    "/bin/bash"   41 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds             hungry_murdock

重启容器（restart）

docker restart 容器ID

[root@k8snode docker]# docker restart 22fd5c1dd28a
22fd5c1dd28a

停止容器（stop）

docker stop 容器ID

[root@k8snode docker]# docker stop 22fd5c1dd28a
22fd5c1dd28a

[root@k8snode docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

强制停止容器ID（kill）

docker kill 容器ID

[root@k8snode docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
22fd5c1dd28a   centos    "/bin/bash"   5 minutes ago   Up About a minute             hungry_murdock

[root@k8snode docker]# docker kill 22fd5c1dd28a
22fd5c1dd28a

查看容器日志（logs）

docker logs [可选参数] 容器ID

[root@k8snode docker]# docker logs -f -t  22fd5c1dd28a
2022-06-18T18:34:58.745800760Z [root@22fd5c1dd28a /]# exit
2022-06-18T18:34:58.745817977Z exit
2022-06-18T18:36:45.641778644Z [root@22fd5c1dd28a /]# exit
2022-06-18T18:39:20.413383315Z [root@22fd5c1dd28a /]# exit


[root@k8snode docker]# docker logs --help

Usage:  docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

Fetch the logs of a container

Options:
      --details        Show extra details provided to logs
  -f, --follow         Follow log output
      --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
  -n, --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
  -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps
      --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)

查看n条日志（logs --tail n条）

[root@k8snode docker]# docker logs -tf --tail 2 22fd5c1dd28a
2022-06-18T18:39:20.413383315Z [root@22fd5c1dd28a /]# exit
2022-06-18T18:40:35.628587193Z [root@22fd5c1dd28a /]#

退出日志查看（Ctrl+c）

Ctrl ＋C

2022-06-18T18:40:35.628587193Z [root@22fd5c1dd28a /]# ^C
[root@k8snode docker]#

查看容器进程信息（top）

docker top 容器ID

[root@k8snode docker]# docker top 22fd5c1dd28a
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                12822               12804               0                   02:49               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

查看容器信息（inspect）

docker inspect 容器ID

[root@k8snode docker]# docker inspect 22fd5c1dd28a
[
    {
        "Id": "22fd5c1dd28a649279272d48637f9b0c8f6f5130947122db8b50675939a7f6d5",
        "Created": "2022-06-18T18:34:53.699469091Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 12822,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-06-18T18:49:52.865543745Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2022-06-18T18:40:35.603068207Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/22fd5c1dd28a649279272d48637f9b0c8f6f5130947122db8b50675939a7f6d5/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/22fd5c1dd28a649279272d48637f9b0c8f6f5130947122db8b50675939a7f6d5/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/22fd5c1dd28a649279272d48637f9b0c8f6f5130947122db8b50675939a7f6d5/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/22fd5c1dd28a649279272d48637f9b0c8f6f5130947122db8b50675939a7f6d5/22fd5c1dd28a649279272d48637f9b0c8f6f5130947122db8b50675939a7f6d5-json.log",
        "Name": "/hungry_murdock",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a10dc7012b966ec121217711dd218283aa2ecb4edc95b864af040e8390b01da5-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c27a3ca68a6c15ce2ddad07cce7ac140b0db7beec753dc86e5832f9a51d8038b/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a10dc7012b966ec121217711dd218283aa2ecb4edc95b864af040e8390b01da5/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a10dc7012b966ec121217711dd218283aa2ecb4edc95b864af040e8390b01da5/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a10dc7012b966ec121217711dd218283aa2ecb4edc95b864af040e8390b01da5/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "22fd5c1dd28a",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "9cd7a718ad786f26bd159cb944d9117349908aa07f5f252d08ec93e206dfe4f7",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/9cd7a718ad78",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "15892b96b5b57afd746f0db33f811a1f9e0f89294190688f26b4e80554dad99c",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "b4d83ce60d3d1f97614969f9801c0199a58bb8af2d7bc5f39f5b1f089b9eb75f",
                    "EndpointID": "15892b96b5b57afd746f0db33f811a1f9e0f89294190688f26b4e80554dad99c",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

Copy容器内文件至主机（cp）

docker cp 容器ID:容器内的路径主机路径

# 进入容器创建一个文件
[root@k8snode docker]# docker exec -it 22fd5c1dd28a /bin/bash
[root@22fd5c1dd28a local]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@22fd5c1dd28a src]# ls
[root@22fd5c1dd28a src]# vi test_copy.txt
[root@22fd5c1dd28a src]# ls
test_copy.txt
[root@22fd5c1dd28a src]# cat test_copy.txt 
test

# 退出容器
[root@22fd5c1dd28a src]# exit
exit

#Copy文件至主机
[root@k8snode docker]# docker cp 22fd5c1dd28a:/usr/local/src/test_copy.txt /usr/local/src

#查看主机文件
[root@k8snode docker]# ls /usr/local/src/
test_copy.txt
[root@k8snode docker]# cat /usr//local/src/test_copy.txt 
test

查看启动容器占用资源信息（stats）

docker stats

[root@k8snode docker]# docker stats

CONTAINER ID   NAME             CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT   MEM %     NET I/O     BLOCK I/O     PIDS
22fd5c1dd28a   hungry_murdock   0.00%     532KiB / 3.685GiB   0.01%     648B / 0B   0B / 13.3kB   1

瘦身小蚂蚁

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Docker 常用命令 - 镜像与容器

Docker命令，可参见官网：Reference documentation | Docker Documentation查看docker版本（version）查看docker系统信息（info）查看docker帮助命令（--help）镜像查看镜像帮助（images）查看本地主机所有镜像（images）查看所有镜像（images -a）查看所有镜像ID（images -aq）查看搜索镜像（search）可通过官网进行搜索：
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