shell变量设置与显示（转载）

shell变量设置与显示

[root@localhost ~]# echo ${MAIL}
/var/spool/mail/root
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${MAIL##/*/} #贪婪前匹配删除
root
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${MAIL#/*/} #前匹配删除
spool/mail/root
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${MAIL%/*} #后匹配删除
/var/spool/mail
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${MAIL%%/*} #贪婪后匹配删除

[root@localhost ~]# echo ${MAIL//oo/aa} #全局替换
/var/spaal/mail/raat
[root@localhost ~]# echo ${MAIL/oo/aa} #仅替换第一个
/var/spaal/mail/root

[root@localhost ~]# unset a;var=${a-b};echo $a,$var # var = (a == null) ? a : b
,b
[root@localhost ~]# a='foo';var=${a-b};echo $a,$var