python datetime一些简单使用

项目开发经常用到一些时间格式转化的情况，这里将一些常用的例子给记录出来：

代码如下：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import time
import datetime
import calendar
from oslo_utils import timeutils


def sanitize_timestamp(timestamp):
    """Return a naive utc datetime object."""
    if not timestamp:
        return timestamp
    if not isinstance(timestamp, datetime.datetime):
        timestamp = timeutils.parse_isotime(timestamp)
    return timeutils.normalize_time(timestamp)


def format_time(int_time):
    return timeutils.strtime(datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(int_time))


def dt2ts(orig_dt):
    """Translate a datetime into a timestamp."""
    return calendar.timegm(orig_dt.timetuple())


def utcnow():
    """Returns a datetime for the current utc time."""
    return timeutils.utcnow()


def get_month_days(dt):
    return calendar.monthrange(dt.year, dt.month)[1]


def add_days(base_dt, days, stay_on_month=True):
    if stay_on_month:
        max_days = get_month_days(base_dt)
        if days > max_days:
            return get_month_end(base_dt)
    return base_dt + datetime.timedelta(days=days)


def add_month(dt, stay_on_month=True):
    next_month = get_next_month(dt)
    return add_days(next_month, dt.day, stay_on_month)


def sub_month(dt, stay_on_month=True):
    prev_month = get_last_month(dt)
    return add_days(prev_month, dt.day, stay_on_month)


def get_month_start(dt=None):
    if not dt:
        dt = utcnow()
    month_start = datetime.datetime(dt.year, dt.month, 1)
    return month_start


def get_month_start_timestamp(dt=None):
    return dt2ts(get_month_start(dt))


def get_month_end(dt=None):
    month_start = get_month_start(dt)
    days_of_month = get_month_days(month_start)
    month_end = month_start.replace(day=days_of_month)
    return month_end


def get_last_month(dt=None):
    if not dt:
        dt = utcnow()
    month_end = get_month_start(dt) - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
    return get_month_start(month_end)


def get_next_month(dt=None):
    month_end = get_month_end(dt)
    next_month = month_end + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
    return next_month

###########################################################################################
#    使用例子
############################################################################################

timestamp_start = "2017-08-01T06:55:25"
timestamp_end = "2017-08-01T06:55:59"

# 1,将时间戳转为秒
start = sanitize_timestamp(timestamp_start)
print "1:change timestamp to seconds:"
seconds = time.mktime(start.timetuple())
print seconds

# 2，获取当前秒数
print "\n2:get current times:"
print time.time()

# 3,获取两个时间戳的时间间隔
print "\n3:get the time delta:"
print "start:"
print start
end = sanitize_timestamp(timestamp_end)
print "end:"
print end

delta_seconds = timeutils.delta_seconds(start, end)
print "delta_seconds: %s" % str(delta_seconds)

# 4,获取当前utc时间
print "\n4:get the utc time:"
print timeutils.utcnow()

# 5,将int时间转化为utc时间戳
print "\n5:format time from seconds:"
print format_time(int(seconds))

# 6,将int时间转化为iso格式的时间戳
print "\n6:format iso timestamp:"
print timeutils.isotime(utcnow())

print "\n7:format iso timestamp to other timezone:"
iso_time = "2017-08-31T22:13:01Z"
dt1 = sanitize_timestamp(iso_time)
print dt1

print "\nchage to shanghai:"
import pytz
eastern = pytz.timezone('Asia/Shanghai')
dt2 = eastern.localize(dt1, is_dst=True)
print dt2

print "\nget uctoffset:"
dt3 = eastern.utcoffset(dt1)
print dt3

print "\nfromutc:"
dt4 = eastern.fromutc(dt1)
print dt4

print "\nutcoffset:"
dt5 = eastern.utcoffset(dt1)
print dt5




输出效果：


1:change timestamp to seconds:
1501541725.0

2:get current times:
1503039597.67

3:get the time delta:
start:
2017-08-01 06:55:25
end:
2017-08-01 06:55:59
delta_seconds: 34.0

4:get the utc time:
2017-08-18 06:59:57.673182

5:format time from seconds:
2017-07-31T22:55:25.000000

6:format iso timestamp:
2017-08-18T06:59:57Z
7:format iso timestamp to other timezone:
2017-08-31 22:13:01

chage to shanghai:
2017-08-31 22:13:01+08:00

get uctoffset:
8:00:00

fromutc:
2017-09-01 06:13:01+08:00

utcoffset:
8:00:00