535. Encode and Decode TinyURL

TinyURL is a URL shortening service where you enter a URL such as https://leetcode.com/problems/design-tinyurl and it returns a short URL such as http://tinyurl.com/4e9iAk.

Design the encode and decode methods for the TinyURL service. There is no restriction on how your encode/decode algorithm should work. You just need to ensure that a URL can be encoded to a tiny URL and the tiny URL can be decoded to the original URL.

题目的要求是实现URL的“编码”与“解码”，自己实现相应的encode方法跟decode方法。而我的思路是：每个short URL都是类似于题目中所给的示例，为题的不同在于最后的值，如4e9iAK。所以，我的编码方式是，将获得的long URL转化为一个哈希值，作为short URL最后的参数，生成相对应的short URL，并利用map<string, string>将long URL跟short URL存储起来，在decode方法中便根据short URl直接返回long URl：

 // Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.
    string encode(string longUrl) {
        long long key = hash(longUrl);
        string shortUrl = "http://tinyurl.com/";
        shortUrl += toString(key);
        urls.insert(pair<string, string>(shortUrl, longUrl));
        return shortUrl;
    }

    // Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.
    string decode(string shortUrl) {
        return urls.find(shortUrl)->second;
    }

完整的代码：

using namespace std;
class Solution {
public:
    map<string, string> urls;
    
    long long hash(string url) {
        long long h = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < (int)url.length(); i++) {
            h = h * 10 + url[i];
        }
        return h;
    }
    
    string toString(long long num) {
        string number;
        stringstream strstream;
        strstream << num;
        strstream >> number;
        return number;
    }
    
    // Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.
    string encode(string longUrl) {
        long long key = hash(longUrl);
        string shortUrl = "http://tinyurl.com/";
        shortUrl += toString(key);
        urls.insert(pair<string, string>(shortUrl, longUrl));
        return shortUrl;
    }

    // Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.
    string decode(string shortUrl) {
        return urls.find(shortUrl)->second;
    }
};