操作系统实验ucore lab1

练习1：理解通过make生成执行文件的过程

操作系统镜像文件ucore.img是如何一步一步生成的？

• 首先查看makefile文件

       
       V       := @
       #need llvm/cang-3.5+
       #USELLVM := 1
       # try to infer the correct GCCPREFX ifndef GCCPREFIX GCCPREFIX := $(shell if i386-elf-objdump -i 2>&1 | grep '^elf32-i386$$'
       >/dev/null 2>&1; \ 	then echo 'i386-elf-'; \ 	elif objdump -i 2>&1 | grep 'elf32-i386' >/dev/null 2>&1; \ 	then echo ''; \ 	else
   echo
       "***" 1>&2; \ 	echo "*** Error: Couldn't find an i386-elf version of
       GCC/binutils." 1>&2; \ 	echo "*** Is the directory with i386-elf-gcc
       in your PATH?" 1>&2; \ 	echo "*** If your i386-elf toolchain is
       installed with a command" 1>&2; \ 	echo "*** prefix other than
       'i386-elf-', set your GCCPREFIX" 1>&2; \ 	echo "*** environment
       variable to that prefix and run 'make' again." 1>&2; \ 	echo "*** To
       turn off this error, run 'gmake GCCPREFIX= ...'." 1>&2; \ 	echo
       "***" 1>&2; exit 1; fi) endif
       
       # try to infer the correct QEMU ifndef QEMU QEMU := $(shell if which qemu-system-i386 > /dev/null; \ 	then echo 'qemu-system-i386';
   exit;
       \ 	elif which i386-elf-qemu > /dev/null; \ 	then echo
       'i386-elf-qemu'; exit; \ 	elif which qemu > /dev/null; \ 	then echo
       'qemu'; exit; \ 	else \ 	echo "***" 1>&2; \ 	echo "*** Error:
       Couldn't find a working QEMU executable." 1>&2; \ 	echo "*** Is the
       directory containing the qemu binary in your PATH" 1>&2; \ 	echo
       "***" 1>&2; exit 1; fi) endif
       
       # eliminate default suffix rules .SUFFIXES: .c .S .h
       
       # delete target files if there is an error (or make is interrupted) .DELETE_ON_ERROR:
       
       # define compiler and flags ifndef  USELLVM HOSTCC		:= gcc HOSTCFLAGS	:= -g -Wall -O2 CC		:= $(GCCPREFIX)gcc CFLAGS	:=
       -march=i686 -fno-builtin -fno-PIC -Wall -ggdb -m32 -gstabs -nostdinc $(DEFS) CFLAGS	+= $(shell $(CC) -fno-stack-protector -E -x c
       /dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo -fno-stack-protector) else
       HOSTCC		:= clang HOSTCFLAGS	:= -g -Wall -O2 CC		:= clang CFLAGS	:=
       -march=i686 -fno-builtin -fno-PIC -Wall -g -m32 -nostdinc $(DEFS) CFLAGS	+= $(shell $(CC) -fno-stack-protector -E -x c /dev/null
       >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo -fno-stack-protector) endif
       
       CTYPE	:= c S
       
       LD      := $(GCCPREFIX)ld LDFLAGS	:= -m $(shell $(LD) -V | grep
       elf_i386 2>/dev/null | head -n 1) LDFLAGS	+= -nostdlib
       
       OBJCOPY := $(GCCPREFIX)objcopy OBJDUMP := $(GCCPREFIX)objdump
       
       COPY	:= cp MKDIR   := mkdir -p MV		:= mv RM		:= rm -f AWK		:= awk
       SED		:= sed SH		:= sh TR		:= tr TOUCH	:= touch -c
       
       OBJDIR	:= obj BINDIR	:= bin
       
       ALLOBJS	:= ALLDEPS	:= TARGETS	:=
       
       include tools/function.mk
       
       listf_cc = $(call listf,$(1),$(CTYPE))
       
       # for cc add_files_cc = $(call add_files,$(1),$(CC),$(CFLAGS) $(3),$(2),$(4)) create_target_cc = $(call
       create_target,$(1),$(2),$(3),$(CC),$(CFLAGS))
       
       # for hostcc add_files_host = $(call add_files,$(1),$(HOSTCC),$(HOSTCFLAGS),$(2),$(3)) create_target_host
       = $(call create_target,$(1),$(2),$(3),$(HOSTCC),$(HOSTCFLAGS))
       
       cgtype = $(patsubst %.$(2),%.$(3),$(1)) objfile = $(call toobj,$(1))
       asmfile = $(call cgtype,$(call toobj,$(1)),o,asm) outfile = $(call
       cgtype,$(call toobj,$(1)),o,out) symfile = $(call cgtype,$(call
       toobj,$(1)),o,sym)
       
       # for match pattern match = $(shell echo $(2) | $(AWK) '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){if(match("$(1)","^"$$(i)"$$")){exit 1;}}}';
       echo $$?)
       
       # >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
       # include kernel/user
       
       INCLUDE	+= libs/
       
       CFLAGS	+= $(addprefix -I,$(INCLUDE))
       
       LIBDIR	+= libs
       
       $(call add_files_cc,$(call listf_cc,$(LIBDIR)),libs,)
       
       # -------------------------------------------------------------------
       # kernel
       
       KINCLUDE	+= kern/debug/ \
       			   kern/driver/ \
       			   kern/trap/ \
       			   kern/mm/
       
       KSRCDIR		+= kern/init \
       			   kern/libs \
       			   kern/debug \
       			   kern/driver \
       			   kern/trap \
       			   kern/mm
       
       KCFLAGS		+= $(addprefix -I,$(KINCLUDE))
       
       $(call add_files_cc,$(call listf_cc,$(KSRCDIR)),kernel,$(KCFLAGS))
       
       KOBJS	= $(call read_packet,kernel libs)
       
       # create kernel target kernel = $(call totarget,kernel)
       
       $(kernel): tools/kernel.ld
       
       $(kernel): $(KOBJS) 	@echo + ld $@ 	$(V)$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -T
       tools/kernel.ld -o $@ $(KOBJS) 	@$(OBJDUMP) -S $@ > $(call
       asmfile,kernel) 	@$(OBJDUMP) -t $@ | $(SED) '1,/SYMBOL TABLE/d; s/
       .* / /; /^$$/d' > $(call symfile,kernel)
       
       $(call create_target,kernel)
       
       # -------------------------------------------------------------------
       
       # create bootblock bootfiles = $(call listf_cc,boot) $(foreach f,$(bootfiles),$(call cc_compile,$(f),$(CC),$(CFLAGS) -Os
       -nostdinc))
       
       bootblock = $(call totarget,bootblock)
       
       $(bootblock): $(call toobj,$(bootfiles)) | $(call totarget,sign)
       	@echo + ld $@ 	$(V)$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -N -e start -Ttext 0x7C00 $^ -o
       $(call toobj,bootblock) 	@$(OBJDUMP) -S $(call objfile,bootblock) >
       $(call asmfile,bootblock) 	@$(OBJCOPY) -S -O binary $(call
       objfile,bootblock) $(call outfile,bootblock) 	@$(call totarget,sign)
       $(call outfile,bootblock) $(bootblock)
       
       $(call create_target,bootblock)
       
       # -------------------------------------------------------------------
       
       # create 'sign' tools $(call add_files_host,tools/sign.c,sign,sign) $(call
   create_target_host,sign,sign)
       
       # -------------------------------------------------------------------
       
       # create ucore.img UCOREIMG	:= $(call totarget,ucore.img)
       
       $(UCOREIMG): $(kernel) $(bootblock) 	$(V)dd if=/dev/zero of=$@
       count=10000 	$(V)dd if=$(bootblock) of=$@ conv=notrunc 	$(V)dd
       if=$(kernel) of=$@ seek=1 conv=notrunc
       
       $(call create_target,ucore.img)
       
       # >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>&