nginx.conf结构及作用

以下为nginx配置文件nginx.conf结构的简单介绍

...              #全局块
 
events {         #events块
   ...
}
 
http      #http块
{
    ...   #http全局块
    server        #server块
    {
        ...       #server全局块
        location [PATTERN]   #location块
        {
            ...
        }
        location [PATTERN]
        {
            ...
        }
    }
    server
    {
      ...
    }
    ...     #http全局块
}

1、全局块：配置影响nginx全局的指令。一般有运行nginx服务器的用户组，nginx进程pid存放路径，日志存放路径，配置文件引入，允许生成worker process数等。

2、events块：配置影响nginx服务器或与用户的网络连接。有每个进程的最大连接数，选取哪种事件驱动模型处理连接请求，是否允许同时接受多个网路连接，开启多个网络连接序列化等。

3、http块：可以嵌套多个server，配置代理，缓存，日志定义等绝大多数功能和第三方模块的配置。如文件引入，mime-type定义，日志自定义，是否使用sendfile传输文件，连接超时时间，单连接请求数等。

4、server块：配置虚拟主机的相关参数，一个http中可以有多个server。

5、location块：配置请求的路由，以及各种页面的处理情况。

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以下为一个常用的nginx.conf的配置（/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf）

user nginx nginx;
worker_processes auto;

error_log  logs/error.log  notice;

pid		logs/nginx.pid;

worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events {

	use epoll;
	worker_connections 51200;
	multi_accept on;
}

http {

	include mime.types;
	default_type application/octet-stream;
	server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
	client_header_buffer_size 32k;
	large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
	client_max_body_size 1024m;
	client_body_buffer_size 10m;
	sendfile on;
	tcp_nopush on;
	keepalive_timeout 120;
	server_tokens off;
	tcp_nodelay on;
	resolver 100.100.2.136;

	fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
	fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
	fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
	fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
	fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
	fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
	fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
	fastcgi_intercept_errors on;

	#Gzip Compression
	gzip on;
	gzip_buffers 16 8k;
	gzip_comp_level 6;
	gzip_http_version 1.1;
	gzip_min_length 256;
	gzip_proxied any;
	gzip_vary on;
	gzip_types
	text/xml application/xml application/atom+xml application/rss+xml application/xhtml+xml image/svg+xml
	text/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascript
	text/x-json application/json application/x-web-app-manifest+json
	text/css text/plain text/x-component
	font/opentype application/x-font-ttf application/vnd.ms-fontobject
	image/x-icon;
	gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1)";

	#定义访问日志的写入格式
	log_format  custom '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
	'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
	'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for "$request_time" "$upstream_response_time" ';

	#设定访问日志的存放路径
	access_log  logs/access.log custom;

	########################## sites-enabled #############################
	include sites-enabled/*.conf;
}

这里将server块分离出来放置在单独的文件中，比如转发php的9000端口的8081.conf（/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/sites-enabled）

server {
        listen       8081;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;
        charset utf-8;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        #access_log  "pipe:rollback logs/host.access_log interval=1d baknum=7 maxsize=2G"  main;

        location / {
            root   /opt/manager/;
            index  index.html index.htm index.php;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        location ~ \.php$ {
            root           /opt/manager/;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi.conf;
        }

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }

将每个虚拟主机分离出来，做成插拔方式的配置，使得不用修改主配置文件，每个虚拟主机互不受影响

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参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/yeyublog/p/6412675.html