sql练习 (mysql语法)

  • 表结构:
        create table student(
        sno varchar(10) primary key,
        sname varchar(20),
        sage int(2),
        ssex varchar(5)
        );
        create table teacher(
        tno varchar(10) primary key,
        tname varchar(20)
        );
        create table course(
        cno varchar(10),
        cname varchar(20),
        tno varchar(20),
        constraint pk_course primary key (cno,tno)
        );
        create table sc(
        sno varchar(10),
        cno varchar(10),
        score DECIMAL(4,2),
        constraint pk_sc primary key (sno,cno)
        );
        #/*******初始化学生表的数据******/
        insert into student values ('s001','张三',23,'男');
        insert into student values ('s002','李四',23,'男');
        insert into student values ('s003','吴鹏',25,'男');
        insert into student values ('s004','琴沁',20,'女');
        insert into student values ('s005','王丽',20,'女');
        insert into student values ('s006','李波',21,'男');
        insert into student values ('s007','刘玉',21,'男');
        insert into student values ('s008','萧蓉',21,'女');
        insert into student values ('s009','陈萧晓',23,'女');
        insert into student values ('s010','陈美',22,'女');
        commit;
        #/******************初始化教师表***********************/
        insert into teacher values ('t001', '刘阳');
        insert into teacher values ('t002', '谌燕');
        insert into teacher values ('t003', '胡明星');
        commit;
        #/***************初始化课程表****************************/
        insert into course values ('c001','J2SE','t002');
        insert into course values ('c002','Java Web','t002');
        insert into course values ('c003','SSH','t001');
        insert into course values ('c004','Oracle','t001');
        insert into course values ('c005','SQL SERVER 2005','t003');
        insert into course values ('c006','C#','t003');
        insert into course values ('c007','JavaScript','t002');
        insert into course values ('c008','DIV+CSS','t001');
        insert into course values ('c009','PHP','t003');
        insert into course values ('c010','EJB3.0','t002');
        commit;
        #/***************初始化成绩表***********************/
        insert into sc values ('s001','c001',78.9);
        insert into sc values ('s002','c001',80.9);
        insert into sc values ('s003','c001',81.9);
        insert into sc values ('s004','c001',60.9);
        insert into sc values ('s001','c002',82.9);
        insert into sc values ('s002','c002',72.9);
        insert into sc values ('s003','c002',81.9);
        insert into sc values ('s001','c003',59);
  • 例子:  以下sql   会持续更新的。。。
#1、查询“c001”课程比“c002”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号;
-- $$1
SELECT
    sc1.sno
FROM
    sc sc1
INNER JOIN sc sc2 ON sc1.sno = sc2.sno
WHERE
    sc1.cno = 'c001'
AND sc2.cno = 'c002'
AND sc1.score > sc2.score;

-- $$2
SELECT
    sc1.sno
FROM
    sc sc1,
    sc sc2
WHERE
    sc1.sno = sc2.sno
AND sc1.cno = 'c001'
AND sc2.cno = 'c002'
AND sc1.score > sc2.score;

#2、查询平均成绩大于60 分的同学的学号和平均成绩;
-- $$1
SELECT
    st1.sname,
    sc1.sno,
    avg(sc1.score) avgScore
FROM
    sc sc1
INNER JOIN student st1 ON st1.sno = sc1.sno
GROUP BY
    sc1.sno
HAVING
    avgScore > 60;

-- $$2
SELECT
    st.sname,
    ss.sco
FROM
    student st,
    (
        SELECT
            sno,
            avg(score) sco
        FROM
            sc
        GROUP BY
            sno
    ) ss
WHERE
    st.sno = ss.sno
AND sco >= 60;

#3、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩;
-- $$1
SELECT
    sc1.sno,
    st1.sname,
    count(sc1.sno),
    sum(sc1.score)
FROM
    sc sc1
INNER JOIN student st1 ON st1.sno = sc1.sno
GROUP BY
    sc1.sno;

-- $$2
SELECT
    st.sname,
    ss.*
FROM
    student st,
    (
        SELECT
            sno,
            count(score) sco,
            sum(score)
        FROM
            sc
        GROUP BY
            sno
    ) ss
WHERE
    st.sno = ss.sno;

#4、查询姓“刘”的老师的个数;
SELECT
    t.tname,
    count(t.tno)
FROM
    teacher t
WHERE
    t.tname LIKE '刘%';

#5、查询没学过“谌燕”老师课的同学的学号、姓名;
SELECT
    st1.sno,
    st1.sname
FROM
    student st1
WHERE
    st1.sno NOT IN (
        SELECT
            sc1.sno
        FROM
            sc sc1
        WHERE
            sc1.cno IN (
                SELECT
                    c1.cno
                FROM
                    course c1
                INNER JOIN teacher t1 ON t1.tno = c1.tno
                AND t1.tname = '谌燕'
            )
    );

#6、查询学过“c001”并且也学过编号“c003”课程的同学的学号、姓名;
-- $$1
SELECT
    sc1.sno,
    st1.sname
FROM
    sc sc1
INNER JOIN sc sc2 ON sc2.sno = sc1.sno
INNER JOIN student st1 ON st1.sno = sc1.sno
WHERE
    sc1.cno = 'c001'
AND sc2.cno = 'c003';

-- $$2
SELECT
    sa.sname,
    sc.sno
FROM
    sc sc,
    (
        SELECT
            st.sname,
            s.*
        FROM
            student st,
            (
                SELECT
                    sno,
                    cno
                FROM
                    sc
                WHERE
                    cno IN ('c001')
            ) s
        WHERE
            st.sno = s.sno
    ) sa
WHERE
    sc.sno = sa.sno
AND sc.cno = 'c003';

#7、查询学过“谌燕”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名;
SELECT
    ss1.sno,
    st1.sname,
    ss1.groupCno
FROM
    (
        SELECT
            sc1.sno,
            GROUP_CONCAT(sc1.cno ORDER BY sc1.cno ASC) groupCno
        FROM
            sc sc1
        INNER JOIN course c1 ON c1.cno = sc1.cno
        INNER JOIN teacher t1 ON t1.tno = c1.tno
        AND t1.tname = '谌燕'
        GROUP BY
            sc1.sno
    ) ss1
INNER JOIN student st1 ON st1.sno = ss1.sno
WHERE
    ss1.groupCno = (
        SELECT
            GROUP_CONCAT(c1.cno ORDER BY c1.cno ASC)
        FROM
            course c1
        INNER JOIN teacher t1 ON t1.tno = c1.tno
        AND t1.tname = '谌燕'
    );

#8、查询所有课程成绩小于60 分的同学的学号、姓名;
-- $$1
SELECT
    sc1.cno,
    sc1.sno,
    st1.sname
FROM
    sc sc1
INNER JOIN student st1 ON st1.sno = sc1.sno
WHERE
    sc1.score < 60;

-- $$2
SELECT
    sc.cno,
    st.sname,
    sc.sno
FROM
    student st
JOIN sc sc ON (st.sno = sc.sno)
WHERE
    sc.score < 60;

#9、查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名;
SELECT
    *
FROM
    student st1
WHERE
    st1.sno NOT IN (
        SELECT
            sst1.sno
        FROM
            (
                SELECT
                    ss1.sno,
                    ss1.groupCon
                FROM
                    (
                        SELECT
                            sc1.sno,
                            group_concat(sc1.cno ORDER BY sc1.cno ASC) groupCon
                        FROM
                            sc sc1
                        GROUP BY
                            sc1.sno
                    ) ss1
                WHERE
                    ss1.groupCon = (
                        SELECT
                            GROUP_CONCAT(c1.cno ORDER BY c1.cno ASC)
                        FROM
                            course c1
                    )
            ) sst1
    );

#10、查询至少有一门课与学号为“s001”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名;
-- $$1
SELECT
    sc2.sno,
    st1.sname
FROM
    sc sc2
INNER JOIN student st1 ON st1.sno = sc2.sno
WHERE
    FIND_IN_SET(
        sc2.cno,
        (
            SELECT
                GROUP_CONCAT(sc1.cno ORDER BY sc1.cno ASC)
            FROM
                sc sc1
            WHERE
                sc1.sno = 's001'
        )
    )
AND sc2.sno <> 's001'
GROUP BY
    sc2.sno;

-- $$2
SELECT DISTINCT
    st.sno,
    sname
FROM
    student st
JOIN sc sc ON (st.sno = sc.sno)
WHERE
    sc.cno IN (
        SELECT
            cno
        FROM
            sc
        WHERE
            sno = 's001'
    )
AND sc.sno <> 's001';

#11、把“SC”表中“谌燕”老师教的课的成绩都更改为此课程的平均成绩;
UPDATE sc scu
INNER JOIN (
    SELECT
        sc1.cno,
        avg(sc1.score) avgS
    FROM
        sc sc1
    INNER JOIN course c1 ON c1.cno = sc1.cno
    INNER JOIN teacher t1 ON t1.tno = c1.tno
    AND t1.tname = '谌燕'
    GROUP BY
        sc1.cno
) sct ON sct.cno = scu.cno
SET scu.score = sct.avgS
WHERE
    scu.cno IN (
        SELECT
            c1.cno
        FROM
            course c1
        INNER JOIN teacher t1 ON t1.tno = c1.tno
        AND t1.tname = '谌燕'
    );

#12、查询和“s001”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名;
SELECT
    ss1.sno,
    st1.sname,
    ss1.groupC
FROM
    (
        SELECT
            sc2.sno,
            GROUP_CONCAT(sc2.cno ORDER BY sc2.cno ASC) groupC
        FROM
            sc sc2
        GROUP BY
            sc2.sno
    ) ss1
INNER JOIN student st1 ON st1.sno = ss1.sno
WHERE
    ss1.groupC = (
        SELECT
            GROUP_CONCAT(sc1.cno ORDER BY sc1.cno ASC)
        FROM
            sc sc1
        WHERE
            sc1.sno = 's001'
    )
AND ss1.sno <> 's001';

#13、查询各科成绩最高和最低的分:以如下形式显示:课程ID,最高分,最低分
SELECT
    sc1.cno,
    max(sc1.score),
    min(sc1.score)
FROM
    sc sc1
GROUP BY
    sc1.cno;

#14、按各科 平均成绩 从 低到高 和 及格率的百分数 从高到低顺序
SELECT
    sc1.cno,
    avg(sc1.score) avgS,
    (
        SELECT
            (
                SELECT
                    count(scj2.sno)
                FROM
                    sc scj2
                WHERE
                    scj2.score > 60
                AND scj2.cno = sc1.cno
            ) / count(scj1.sno) * 100
        FROM
            sc scj1
        WHERE
            scj1.cno = sc1.cno
    ) jigelv
FROM
    sc sc1
GROUP BY
    sc1.cno
ORDER BY
    avgS ASC,
    jigelv DESC;

#15、查询每门课程被选修的学生数
SELECT
    sc1.cno,
    count(1)
FROM
    sc sc1
GROUP BY
    sc1.cno;

#16、查询出只选修了一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名
SELECT DISTINCT
    st1.*
FROM
    student st1
INNER JOIN (
    SELECT
        sc1.sno,
        count(1) c
    FROM
        sc sc1
    GROUP BY
        sc1.cno
    HAVING
        c = 1
) ss1 ON ss1.sno = st1.sno;

#17、查询男生、女生人数
SELECT
    st1.ssex,
    count(1) num
FROM
    student st1
GROUP BY
    st1.ssex;

#18、查询姓“张”的学生名单
SELECT
    st1.*
FROM
    student st1
WHERE
    st1.sname LIKE '张%';

#19、查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数
SELECT
    st1.sname,
    count(1) num
FROM
    student st1
GROUP BY
    st1.sname,
    st1.ssex
HAVING
    num > 1;

#20、1997 年出生的学生名单(注:Student 表中Sage 列的类型是int)
SELECT
    *
FROM
    student st1
WHERE
    DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y') - st1.sage = 1997;

#21、查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩升序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程号降序排列
SELECT
    sc1.cno,
    avg(sc1.score) avgS
FROM
    sc sc1
GROUP BY
    sc1.cno
ORDER BY
    avgS ASC,
    sc1.cno DESC;

#22、查询平均成绩大于60 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
SELECT
    sc1.sno,
    st1.sname,
    avg(sc1.score) avgS
FROM
    sc sc1
INNER JOIN student st1 ON st1.sno = sc1.sno
GROUP BY
    sc1.sno
HAVING
    avgS > 60;

#23、查询课程名称为“Java Web”,且分数低于60 的学生姓名和分数
SELECT
    sc1.sno,
    st1.sname,
    sc1.score
FROM
    sc sc1
INNER JOIN student st1 ON st1.sno = sc1.sno
INNER JOIN course co1 ON co1.cno = sc1.cno
AND co1.cname = 'Java Web'
WHERE
    sc1.score < 60;

#24、查询所有学生的选课情况;
SELECT
    st1.sno,
    st1.sname,
    GROUP_CONCAT(co1.cname)
FROM
    student st1
LEFT JOIN sc sc1 ON sc1.sno = st1.sno
LEFT JOIN course co1 ON co1.cno = sc1.cno
GROUP BY
    st1.sno;

#25、查询任何一门课程成绩在60 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数;
SELECT
    st1.sname,
    co1.cname,
    sc1.score
FROM
    sc sc1
INNER JOIN student st1 ON st1.sno = sc1.sno
INNER JOIN course co1 ON co1.cno = sc1.cno
WHERE
    sc1.score > 60;

#26、查询不及格的课程,并按课程号从大到小排列
SELECT
    sc1.cno,
    sc1.score
FROM
    sc sc1
WHERE
    sc1.score < 60
GROUP BY
    sc1.cno
ORDER BY
    sc1.cno DESC;

#27、查询课程编号为c001 且课程成绩在60 分以上的学生的学号和姓名;
SELECT
    sc1.sno,
    st1.sname,
    sc1.score
FROM
    sc sc1
INNER JOIN student st1 ON st1.sno = sc1.sno
WHERE
    sc1.score > 60
AND sc1.cno = 'c001';

#28、求选了课程的学生人数
SELECT
    sc1.cno,
    count(sc1.sno) stuNum
FROM
    sc sc1
GROUP BY
    sc1.cno;

#29、查询选修“谌燕”老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩
SELECT
    sc1.cno,
    st1.sname,
    sc1.score stuNum
FROM
    sc sc1
INNER JOIN student st1 ON st1.sno = sc1.sno
WHERE
    sc1.cno IN (
        SELECT
            co1.cno
        FROM
            course co1
        INNER JOIN teacher t1 ON t1.tno = co1.tno
        AND t1.tname = '谌燕'
    )
ORDER BY
    sc1.score DESC
LIMIT 1;

#30、查询各个课程及相应的选修人数
SELECT
    c1.cno,
    count(sc1.sno)
FROM
    course c1
LEFT JOIN sc sc1 ON sc1.cno = c1.cno
GROUP BY
    sc1.cno;

#31、统计每门课程的学生选修人数。要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列
SELECT
    c1.cno,
    count(sc1.sno) cStu
FROM
    course c1
LEFT JOIN sc sc1 ON sc1.cno = c1.cno
GROUP BY
    sc1.cno
HAVING
    cStu >= 0
ORDER BY
    cStu DESC,
    c1.cno ASC;

#32、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
SELECT
    sc1.sno,
    count(sc1.cno) ccno
FROM
    sc sc1
GROUP BY
    sc1.sno
HAVING
    ccno > 1;

#33、查询全部学生都选修的课程的课程号和课程名
SELECT
    sc1.cno,
    count(sc1.sno) csno
FROM
    sc sc1
GROUP BY
    sc1.cno
HAVING
    csno = (
        SELECT
            count(st1.sno)
        FROM
            student st1
    );

#34、查询两门及以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩
SELECT
    sc1.sno,
    count(sc1.cno) ccno
FROM
    sc sc1
WHERE
    sc1.score < 60
GROUP BY
    sc1.sno
HAVING
    ccno > 1;

#35、检索“c002”课程分数小于80,按分数降序排列的同学学号
SELECT
    sc1.sno,
    sc1.score
FROM
    sc sc1
WHERE
    sc1.cno = 'c002'
AND sc1.score < 80
ORDER BY
    sc1.score DESC;

#36、删除“s002”同学的“c001”课程的成绩
-- delete from sc where sno = 's002' and cno = 'c001';
#37、查询各科成绩前三名的记录:(不考虑成绩并列情况)

这个sql 目前能力有限 还没有写出,后续会更新的。。。 如果有会这道题的大佬看到 希望可以留个评论指教一番
  • 列转行示例

-- 行转列原数据
SELECT
	stu.sname,
	co.cname,
	sc.score
FROM
	sc sc
INNER JOIN student stu ON stu.sno = sc.sno
INNER JOIN course co ON co.cno = sc.cno;

-- 行转列
SELECT
	stu.sname,
  max(case co.cname when 'J2SE' then sc.score else 0 end) 'J2SE',
	max(case co.cname when 'Java Web' then sc.score else 0 end) 'Java Web',
	max(case co.cname when 'SSH' then sc.score else 0 end) 'SSH',
	max(case co.cname when 'Oracle' then sc.score else 0 end) 'Oracle',
	max(case co.cname when 'SQL SERVER 2005' then sc.score else 0 end) 'SQL SERVER 2005',
	max(case co.cname when 'C#' then sc.score else 0 end) 'C#',
	max(case co.cname when 'JavaScript' then sc.score else 0 end) 'JavaScript',
	max(case co.cname when 'DIV+CSS' then sc.score else 0 end) 'DIV+CSS',
	max(case co.cname when 'PHP' then sc.score else 0 end) 'PHP',
	max(case co.cname when 'EJB3.0' then sc.score else 0 end) 'EJB3.0',
	max(case co.cname when 'C' then sc.score else 0 end) 'C',
  SUM(sc.score) AS TOTAL
FROM
	sc sc
INNER JOIN student stu ON stu.sno = sc.sno
INNER JOIN course co ON co.cno = sc.cno
GROUP BY
	stu.sname;

-- 合并字段
SELECT
	stu.sname,
	GROUP_CONCAT(co.cname,":",sc.score) AS 成绩
FROM
	sc sc
INNER JOIN student stu ON stu.sno = sc.sno
INNER JOIN course co ON co.cno = sc.cno
GROUP BY
	stu.sname;

 

  • 转自(oracle语法  这个网站的sql基本上三分之二的sql都是有问题的 我以这个为原型 重新写的没毛病sql):http://blog.csdn.net/fengfeng91/article/details/15029173

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