Python死锁问题查找

Python死锁问题查找

分类： Python 2014-02-05 20:28  328人阅读  评论(0)  收藏  举报

python cython 死锁

目录(?)[+]

1 用Python写的程序，由于其GIL的存在，死锁的情况变得有点复杂。

2 基本上可以分成两种情况：

一种是在调用Thread.join,Queue.put,Queue.get,Lock.acquire这些函数造成的死锁，可以归结成Python代码层造成的死锁

另一种情况是由于无法获取GIL而造成的死锁，可以归结成C代码层造成的死锁，具体原因是这样的：

由于某个Python线程调用了一个C函数，而这个函数在等某一资源的释放，并且Python线程在调用这个函数之前又没有把GIL给释放掉，一直占着GIL，

造成其它的Python线程因无法获取GIL都处于死锁状态

因为这时候Python代码已经无法执行，用pydev，winpdb等工具已经无能为力了。

3 前一种情况的死锁比较好查，用pydev,winpdb查看下堆栈就可以分析出死锁的具体位置。

4 由于第一种情况的死锁原因查起来比较简单，这里重点讨论一下第二种情况的死锁问题的查找。

5 按照惯例，照样先举一个例子，这个例子从《Cython进阶--用Cython封装Callback函数》里的示例代码修改而来。

6 改动很小，只是在JoinThread这个函数里去掉了PyEval_SaveThread和PyEval_RestoreThread的调用，用于造成一个死锁的情况。

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cdef extern from "pthread.h" : ctypedef void * pthread_t ctypedef structpthread_attr_t : pass int pthread_create ( pthread_t * __newthread , \ pthread_attr_t * __attr , \ void * ( * __start_routine ) ( void * ) except * , \ void * __arg ) int pthread_join ( pthread_t __th , void ** __thread_return ) cdef extern from "Python.h" : ctypedef enumPyGILState_STATE : pass ctypedef enumPyThreadState : pass PyGILState_STATEPyGILState_Ensure () voidPyGILState_Release ( PyGILState_STATE ) PyThreadState * PyEval_SaveThread () voidPyEval_RestoreThread ( PyThreadState * ) void PyEval_InitThreads () void Py_INCREF ( objectobj ) void Py_DECREF ( objectobj ) def Callback ( obj ): if hasattr ( obj , 'run' ): obj . run () cdef void * start ( void * param ) except * : cdef PyGILState_STATEstate cdef object obj = < object > param cdef void * ret if not param : return < void *> 0 state = PyGILState_Ensure () Callback ( obj ) Py_DECREF ( obj ) PyGILState_Release ( state ) return < void *> 1 def CreateThread ( obj ): cdef int ret cdef pthread_t tid PyEval_InitThreads () Py_INCREF ( obj ) ret = pthread_create ( & tid , < pthread_attr_t *> 0 , start , < void *> obj ) if ret != - 1 : return < int > tid else : Py_DECREF ( obj ) return None def JoinThread ( int tid ): cdef PyThreadState * state cdef void * thread_return = < void *> 0 cdef int ret # state = PyEval_SaveThread() ret = pthread_join ( < pthread_t > tid , & thread_return ) # PyEval_RestoreThread(state) if ret != - 1 : return < int > thread_return else : return < int > 0

 来自CODE的代码片

callback.pyx

7 再来看看测试的例子：

<a target=_blank id="L1" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L1" rel="#L1" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 1</a> <a target=_blank id="L2" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L2" rel="#L2" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 2</a> <a target=_blank id="L3" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L3" rel="#L3" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 3</a> <a target=_blank id="L4" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L4" rel="#L4" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 4</a> <a target=_blank id="L5" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L5" rel="#L5" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 5</a> <a target=_blank id="L6" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L6" rel="#L6" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 6</a> <a target=_blank id="L7" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L7" rel="#L7" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); 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text-decoration: none;"> 20</a> <a target=_blank id="L21" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L21" rel="#L21" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 21</a> <a target=_blank id="L22" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L22" rel="#L22" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 22</a> <a target=_blank id="L23" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L23" rel="#L23" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 23</a> <a target=_blank id="L24" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L24" rel="#L24" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 24</a> <a target=_blank id="L25" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L25" rel="#L25" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 25</a> <a target=_blank id="L26" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L26" rel="#L26" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 26</a> <a target=_blank id="L27" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L27" rel="#L27" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 27</a> <a target=_blank id="L28" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L28" rel="#L28" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 28</a> <a target=_blank id="L29" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L29" rel="#L29" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 29</a> <a target=_blank id="L30" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L30" rel="#L30" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 30</a> <a target=_blank id="L31" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L31" rel="#L31" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 31</a> <a target=_blank id="L32" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L32" rel="#L32" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 32</a> <a target=_blank id="L33" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L33" rel="#L33" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 33</a> <a target=_blank id="L34" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L34" rel="#L34" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 34</a> <a target=_blank id="L35" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L35" rel="#L35" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 35</a> <a target=_blank id="L36" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L36" rel="#L36" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 36</a> <a target=_blank id="L37" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L37" rel="#L37" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 37</a> <a target=_blank id="L38" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L38" rel="#L38" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 38</a> <a target=_blank id="L39" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L39" rel="#L39" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 39</a> <a target=_blank id="L40" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L40" rel="#L40" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 40</a> <a target=_blank id="L41" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L41" rel="#L41" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 41</a> <a target=_blank id="L42" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L42" rel="#L42" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 42</a> <a target=_blank id="L43" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L43" rel="#L43" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 43</a> <a target=_blank id="L44" href="http://blog.csdn.net/i2cbus/article/details/18941499#L44" rel="#L44" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); 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callme . py #!/usr/bin/python import callback import time class Thread : def __init__ ( self ): self . tid = None def start ( self ): self . tid = callback . CreateThread ( self ) #(self) def run ( self ): pass def join ( self ): callback . JoinThread ( self . tid ) class MyThread1 ( Thread ): def run ( self ): for i in xrange ( 10 ): print 'output from thread 1:' , i class MyThread2 ( Thread ): def run ( self ): for i in xrange ( 10 ): print 'output from thread 2:' , i def test ( n ): for i in range ( n ): t1 = MyThread1 () t1 . start () t1 . join () test ( 3 )

 来自CODE的代码片

callme.py

8 首先，要确保使用的python是用O0优化级别编译的，如果是用O2或者O3级别编译的，会因为优化对问题的查找带来麻烦

9 在ubuntu上，用apt-get 命令安装的python应该是用O0级别编译的。

10 如果你用的编译不是，那么就要在编译的时候执行如下编译：make OPT=-O0

11 ./callme.py& 运行这个例子(&表示后台运行），会发现程序没有输出，也没有退出，死锁了。

12 这个测试用例首先启动一个线程，然后马上调用join方法等待线程线出。

13 初看好像没什么问题，但是对GIL有点认识的人就会知道，该程序有很大的问题，join在等线程结束，而线程在执行python代码时却获取不到GIL而无法执行，从而造成了死锁。

14 下面来看看如何查找这个死锁问题

 

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# ./callme.py & [1] 1283 # gdb --pid 1283 GNU gdb (GDB) 7.1-ubuntu Copyright (C) 2010 Free SoftwareFoundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later<http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html> This is free software: you are free tochange and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extentpermitted by law. Type "showcopying" and "show warranty" for details. This GDB was configured as"i486-linux-gnu". For bug reporting instructions, please see: <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>. Attaching to process 1283 Reading symbols from /home/flyfish/Python-2.7.2/bin/python2.7...done. Reading symbols from/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libpthread.so.0...(no debugging symbols found)...done. [Thread debugging using libthread_dbenabled] [New Thread 0xb6fe0b70 (LWP 1285)] [New Thread 0xb77e1b70 (LWP 1284)] Loaded symbols for/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libpthread.so.0 ... Reading symbols from /home/flyfish/Python-2.7.2/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/time.so...done. Loaded symbols for /home/flyfish/Python-2.7.2/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/time.so 0x00ecc422 in __kernel_vsyscall () (gdb) bt #0 0x00ecc422 in__kernel_vsyscall () #1 0x00898b5d in pthread_join () from /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libpthread.so.0 #2 0x0084d529 in__pyx_pf_8callback_4JoinThread (__pyx_self=0x0, __pyx_arg_tid=0x9545174) atcallback.c:1046 #3 __pyx_pw_8callback_5JoinThread (__pyx_self=0x0, __pyx_arg_tid=0x9545174)at callback.c:1005 #4 0x080e621b in call_function (f=0x9593d04, throwflag=0) at Python/ceval.c:4001 #5 PyEval_EvalFrameEx (f=0x9593d04, throwflag=0) at Python/ceval.c:2666 #6 0x080e63fd in fast_function (f=0x9531b14, throwflag=0) atPython/ceval.c:4099 #7 call_function (f=0x9531b14, throwflag=0) at Python/ceval.c:4034 #8 PyEval_EvalFrameEx (f=0x9531b14, throwflag=0) at Python/ceval.c:2666 #9 0x080e6e69 inPyEval_EvalCodeEx (co=0xb78388d8, globals=0xb78da35c, locals=0xb78da35c, args=0x0, argcount=0, kws=0x0,kwcount=0, defs=0x0, defcount=0, closure=0x0) at Python/ceval.c:3253 #10 0x080e6f97 inPyEval_EvalCode (co=0xb78388d8, globals=0xb78da35c, locals=0xb78da35c) at Python/ceval.c:667 #11 0x08104d1d in run_mod (fp=0x9531b08,filename=0xbffcc922 "./callme.py", start=257, globals=0xb78da35c, locals=0xb78da35c, closeit=1, flags=0xbffcbeec) atPython/pythonrun.c:1346 #12 PyRun_FileExFlags (fp=0x9531b08,filename=0xbffcc922 "./callme.py", start=257, globals=0xb78da35c, locals=0xb78da35c, closeit=1, flags=0xbffcbeec) atPython/pythonrun.c:1332 #13 0x08104f82 inPyRun_SimpleFileExFlags (fp=0x9531b08, filename=0xbffcc922"./callme.py", closeit=1, flags=0xbffcbeec) atPython/pythonrun.c:936 #14 0x0805ba0f in Py_Main (argc=2, argv=0xbffcbfd4) atModules/main.c:599 #15 0x0805ab1b in main (argc=2,argv=0xbffcbfd4) at ./Modules/python.c:23 (gdb) source gdbinit (gdb) frame 8 #8 PyEval_EvalFrameEx (f=0x949fa74, throwflag=0) at Python/ceval.c:2666 2666 x = call_function(&sp, oparg); (gdb) pyframe ./callme.py (30): test (gdb) pylocals n: object : 3 type : int refcount: 26 address : 0x942e098 i: object : 0 type : int refcount: 310 address : 0x942e0bc t1: object : <__main__.MyThread1 instance at 0xb765eb6c> type : instance refcount: 5 address : 0xb765eb6c

 来自CODE的代码片

shell

15 解释一下：

gdb --pid 1283

用gdb attach到python进程，如果不知道进程的PID，也可以用ps -A | grep callme.py来查看进程的PID，callme.py为进程的名称，也可以用pidof 本例中，由于后台运行时已经打印出了pid，所以不用再执行该命令了。

bt

查看当前线程的堆栈

source gdbinit

加载python的调试命令，gdbinit为gdb的调试代码，在Python源码包里的Misc目录下有这个文件，可以把这个文件拷贝到当前目录下，也可以在source时直接指定gdbinit的绝对路径。

frame 8

通过bt命令已经知道了堆栈，通过堆栈我们知道了在堆栈的frame 8 的位置调用了PyEval_EvalFrameEx这个函数

这里要说明一下，在调用PyEval_EvalFrameEx时，实际上就是执行了一条python代码

通过frame 8这条命令可以定位到这个函数所在的堆栈。

pyframe

这条命令就是通过source  gdbinit加载的命令，通过执行这条命令，会打印出当前堆栈执行的是哪一条python代码

通过重复执行frame和pyframe，就可以知道python代码的整个堆栈。

pylocals

这条命令也是在gdbinit中定义的一条命令，可以查看当前python堆栈使用的局部变量，

例如本例中通过该条命令可以很方便的知道输入的n的值为3

16 对于有多个python线程的情况，如果要切换到其它线程，

可以用info thread查看所有线程

再用thread thread_id命令来切换到其它线程。

17 基本上，通过thread+bt+frame+pyframe+pylocals这五条命令就可以定位到死锁的位置。

18 当然，gdbinit中还定义了其它有用的命令，有兴趣的可以试试。

19 另外，gdb-7已经直接添加了python调试的支持，为python代码的调试提供了更加强大和方便的功能，不需要用sourcegdbinit这样的命令来加载Python调试命令了，但是个人觉得还是这种方法好用些。