观察者模式学习

这是一篇学习博客，原文地址为：http://design-patterns.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/behavioral_patterns/observer.html，本文尊重原创，这是学习笔记，如有侵权，请立即联系删除。

观察者模式学习：

1.模式动机：

观察者模式建立了一种对象与对象之间的依赖关系，一个对象改变时自动通知其他对象，其他对象将相应做出反应，在此，发生改变的对象成为被观察目标，

被通知的对象称为观察者，一个被观察目标可以对应多个观察者，观察者之间没有相互联系，可以根据需要增加和删除观察者，使得系统易于扩展，这也是

观察者模式的模式动机。

2.模式定义

观察者模式又成为发布订阅模式

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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3.模式结构：</span>

subject：目标

concreteSubject：具体目标

observer：观察者

concreteObserver:具体观察者

4.时序图：

时序图理解说明：创建好concreteObserver与concretesubject后，有一个重要的attach过程，然后当concretesubject重新设置状态时调用update通知concreteobserver，concreteobserver调用getstate获得状态改变信息。

5.示例代码与运行结果分析：

#include <iostream>
#include "Subject.h"
#include "Obeserver.h"
#include "ConcreteObeserver.h"
#include "ConcreteSubject.h"

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	Subject * subject = new ConcreteSubject();
	Obeserver * objA = new ConcreteObeserver("A");
	Obeserver * objB = new ConcreteObeserver("B");
	subject->attach(objA);
	subject->attach(objB);
	
	subject->setState(1);
	subject->notify();
	
	cout << "--------------------" << endl;
	subject->detach(objB);
	subject->setState(2);
	subject->notify();
	
	delete subject;
	delete objA;
	delete objB;
		
	return 0;
}

///
//  Subject.h
//  Implementation of the Class Subject
//  Created on:      07-十月-2014 23:00:10
//  Original author: cl
///

#if !defined(EA_61998456_1B61_49f4_B3EA_9D28EEBC9649__INCLUDED_)
#define EA_61998456_1B61_49f4_B3EA_9D28EEBC9649__INCLUDED_

#include "Obeserver.h"
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

class Subject
{

public:
	Subject();
	virtual ~Subject();
	Obeserver *m_Obeserver;

	void attach(Obeserver * pObeserver);
	void detach(Obeserver * pObeserver);
	void notify();
		
	virtual int getState() = 0;
	virtual void setState(int i)= 0;
	
private:
	vector<Obeserver*> m_vtObj;

};
#endif // !defined(EA_61998456_1B61_49f4_B3EA_9D28EEBC9649__INCLUDED_)

///
//  Subject.cpp
//  Implementation of the Class Subject
//  Created on:      07-十月-2014 23:00:10
//  Original author: cl
///

#include "Subject.h"

Subject::Subject(){

}

Subject::~Subject(){

}

void Subject::attach(Obeserver * pObeserver){
	m_vtObj.push_back(pObeserver);
}

void Subject::detach(Obeserver * pObeserver){
	for(vector<Obeserver*>::iterator itr = m_vtObj.begin();
		itr != m_vtObj.end(); itr++)
	{
		if(*itr == pObeserver)
		{
			m_vtObj.erase(itr);
			return;
		}			
	}
}

void Subject::notify(){
	for(vector<Obeserver*>::iterator itr = m_vtObj.begin();
		itr != m_vtObj.end();
	 	itr++)
	{	
		(*itr)->update(this);		
	}
}

///
//  Obeserver.h
//  Implementation of the Class Obeserver
//  Created on:      07-十月-2014 23:00:10
//  Original author: cl
///

#if !defined(EA_2C7362B2_0B22_4168_8690_F9C7B76C343F__INCLUDED_)
#define EA_2C7362B2_0B22_4168_8690_F9C7B76C343F__INCLUDED_

class Subject;

class Obeserver
{

public:
	Obeserver();
	virtual ~Obeserver();
	virtual void update(Subject * sub) = 0;
};
#endif // !defined(EA_2C7362B2_0B22_4168_8690_F9C7B76C343F__INCLUDED_)

///
//  ConcreteObeserver.h
//  Implementation of the Class ConcreteObeserver
//  Created on:      07-十月-2014 23:00:09
//  Original author: cl
///

#if !defined(EA_7B020534_BFEA_4c9e_8E4C_34DCE001E9B1__INCLUDED_)
#define EA_7B020534_BFEA_4c9e_8E4C_34DCE001E9B1__INCLUDED_
#include "Obeserver.h"
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class ConcreteObeserver : public Obeserver
{

public:
	ConcreteObeserver(string name);
	virtual ~ConcreteObeserver();
	virtual void update(Subject * sub);

private:
	string m_objName;
	int m_obeserverState;
};
#endif // !defined(EA_7B020534_BFEA_4c9e_8E4C_34DCE001E9B1__INCLUDED_)

///
//  ConcreteObeserver.cpp
//  Implementation of the Class ConcreteObeserver
//  Created on:      07-十月-2014 23:00:09
//  Original author: cl
///

#include "ConcreteObeserver.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include "Subject.h"
using namespace std;

ConcreteObeserver::ConcreteObeserver(string name){
	m_objName = name;
}

ConcreteObeserver::~ConcreteObeserver(){

}

void ConcreteObeserver::update(Subject * sub){
	m_obeserverState = sub->getState();
	cout << "update oberserver[" << m_objName << "] state:" << m_obeserverState << endl;
}