现在有 T1、T2、T3 三个线程,你怎样保证 T2 在 T1 执行完后执行,T3 在 T2 执行完后执 行?
这个线程问题通常会在第一轮或电话面试阶段被问到,目的是检测你对”join”方法是否熟 悉。这个多线程问题比较简单,可以用 join 方法实现。
首先给出结论:t.join()方法只会使主线程进入等待池并等待t线程执行完毕后才会被唤醒。并不影响同一时刻处在运行状态的其他线程。
下面则是分析过程。
之前对于join()方法只是了解它能够使得t.join()中的t优先执行,当t执行完后才会执行其他线程。能够使得线程之间的并行执行变成串行执行。
public class TestJoin {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
ThreadTest t1=new ThreadTest("A");
ThreadTest t2=new ThreadTest("B");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
class ThreadTest extends Thread {
private String name;
public ThreadTest(String name){
this.name=name;
}
public void run(){
for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){
System.out.println(name+"-"+i);
}
}
}
运行结果:
A-1
B-1
B-2
B-3
A-2
B-4
A-3
B-5
A-4
A-5
可以看出A线程和B线程是交替执行的。
而在其中加入join()方法后(后面的代码都略去了ThreadTest类的定义)
public class TestJoin {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
ThreadTest t1=new ThreadTest("A");
ThreadTest t2=new ThreadTest("B");
t1.start();
t1.join();
t2.start();
}
}
运行结果:
A-1
A-2
A-3
A-4
A-5
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
显然,使用t1.join()之后,B线程需要等A线程执行完毕之后才能执行。需要注意的是,t1.join()需要等t1.start()执行之后执行才有效果,此外,如果t1.join()放在t2.start()之后的话,仍然会是交替执行,然而并不是没有效果,这点困扰了我很久,也没在别的博客里看到过。
为了深入理解,我们先看一下join()的源码。
/**
* Waits for this thread to die.
*
* <p> An invocation of this method behaves in exactly the same
* way as the invocation
*
* <blockquote>
* {@linkplain #join(long) join}{@code (0)}
* </blockquote>
*
* @throws InterruptedException
* if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
* <i>interrupted status</i> of the current thread is
* cleared when this exception is thrown.
*/
public final void join() throws InterruptedException {
join(0); //join()等同于join(0)
}
/**
* Waits at most {@code millis} milliseconds for this thread to
* die. A timeout of {@code 0} means to wait forever.
*
* <p> This implementation uses a loop of {@code this.wait} calls
* conditioned on {@code this.isAlive}. As a thread terminates the
* {@code this.notifyAll} method is invoked. It is recommended that
* applications not use {@code wait}, {@code notify}, or
* {@code notifyAll} on {@code Thread} instances.
*
* @param millis
* the time to wait in milliseconds
*
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if the value of {@code millis} is negative
*
* @throws InterruptedException
* if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
* <i>interrupted status</i> of the current thread is
* cleared when this exception is thrown.
*/
public final synchronized void join(long millis) throws InterruptedException {
long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
long now = 0;
if (millis < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
}
if (millis == 0) {
while (isAlive()) {
wait(0); //join(0)等同于wait(0),即wait无限时间直到被notify
}
} else {
while (isAlive()) {
long delay = millis - now;
if (delay <= 0) {
break;
}
wait(delay);
now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
}
}
}
可以看出,join()方法的底层是利用wait()方法实现的。可以看出,join方法是一个同步方法,当主线程调用t1.join()方法时,主线程先获得了t1对象的锁,随后进入方法,调用了t1对象的wait()方法,使主线程进入了t1对象的等待池,此时,A线程则还在执行,并且随后的t2.start()还没被执行,因此,B线程也还没开始。等到A线程执行完毕之后,主线程继续执行,走到了t2.start(),B线程才会开始执行。
PS:join源码中,只会调用wait方法,并没有在结束时调用notify,这是因为线程在die的时候会自动调用自身的notifyAll方法,来释放所有的资源和锁。