Linux-mysql安装教程

官方地址

mysql下载地址https://www.mysql.com/downloads/

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一定看好与linux相应的版本！！！

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检查是否安装过Mysql

rpm -qa | grep -i mysql # -i 忽略大小写

检查mysql是否启动服务

systemctl status mysqld.service

mysql的卸载

1.关闭mysql服务

systemctl stop mysqld.service

2.查看当前MySQL安装状况

rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
# 或
yum list installed | grep mysql

3.卸载上述查询到的已安装程序

yum remove mysql-xxx mysql-xxx mysql-xxx mysqk-xxxx

务必卸载干净，反复执行rpm -qa | grep -i mysql确认是否有卸载残留

4.删除mysql相关文件

# 查找
find / -name mysql
 
# 删除
rm -rf xxx

5.删除my.cnf

rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

安装mysql

1.给文件夹添加权限

chmod -R 777 /tmp

2.安装前，检查依赖

rpm -qa|grep libaio
rpm -qa|grep net-tools

3.将程序拷贝到上面创建的/opt目录下，并解压

4.执行以下命令，完成程序及依赖的安装（下载版本不同名称有所不同）

rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-**********.rpm 
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-**********.rpm 
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-**********.rpm 
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-**********.rpm 
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-**********.rpm

4.1可能会出现以下问题

[root@VM-4-16-centos mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
	libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.25)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el8.x86_64
	libcrypto.so.1.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el8.x86_64
	libcrypto.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_0)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el8.x86_64
	libcrypto.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_1)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el8.x86_64
	libssl.so.1.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el8.x86_64
	libstdc++.so.6(CXXABI_1.3.8)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el8.x86_64
	libstdc++.so.6(CXXABI_1.3.9)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el8.x86_64
	libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.20)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el8.x86_64
	libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.21)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el8.x86_64

解决方案：强制安装

只要在每一条末尾加上-force --nodeps就可以解决问题！

5.查看MySQL版本

mysql --version 

6.服务的初始化

mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

7.查看密码

cat /var/log/mysqld.log

root@localhost: 后面就是初始化的密码

8.启动MySQL，查看状态

#加不加.service后缀都可以 
启动：systemctl start mysqld.service 
关闭：systemctl stop mysqld.service 
重启：systemctl restart mysqld.service 
查看状态：systemctl status mysqld.service

9.查看MySQL服务是否自启动

systemctl list-unit-files|grep mysqld.service

如不是enabled可以运行如下命令设置自启动

systemctl enable mysqld.service

如果希望不进行自启动，运行如下命令设置

systemctl disable mysqld.service

1.mysql登录

mysql -hlocalhost -P3306 -uroot -p

然后输入上面查询到的密码

2.修改密码

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';

3.关闭防火墙或开放端口

方式一：关闭防火墙

#开启防火墙
systemctl start firewalld.service
#查看防火墙状态
systemctl status firewalld.service
#关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service
#设置开机启用防火墙 
systemctl enable firewalld.service 
#设置开机禁用防火墙 
systemctl disable firewalld.service

方式二：开放端口

## 查看开放的端口号
firewall-cmd --list-all
 
 
## 设置开放的端口号
firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
 
 
## 重启防火墙
firewall-cmd --reload

4.修改允许远程登录

use mysql;
select Host,User from user;
update user set host = '%' where user ='root';
flush privileges;   ##刷新配置