先上代码:
#include<unistd.h>
#include<pthread.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
pthread_mutex_t count_lock;
pthread_cond_t count_nonzero;
unsigned int count=0;
//pthread_cond_wait会把线程阻塞在这里,同时释放锁
//条件变量被其他线程激活以后会去竞争锁
//竞争到了就再次加锁
void pthread1(){
pthread_mutex_lock(&count_lock);
if(count==0)
pthread_cond_wait(&count_nonzero,&count_lock);
count=count-1;
printf("%d\n",count);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&count_lock);
}
void pthread2(){
pthread_mutex_lock(&count_lock);
if(count==0)
pthread_cond_signal(&count_nonzero);
count=count+1;
printf("%d\n",count);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&count_lock);
}
int main(void){
pthread_t id1,id2;
int err;
err=pthread_create(&id1,NULL,(void*)pthread1,NULL);
if(err!=0)
exit(1);
err=pthread_create(&id2,NULL,(void*)pthread2,NULL);
if(err!=0)
exit(1);
pthread_join(id1,NULL);
pthread_join(id2,NULL);
pthread_mutex_destroy(&count_lock);
pthread_cond_destroy(&count_nonzero);
return 0;
}
这段代码的执行过程是:线程1运行到pthread_cond_wait时,被阻塞起来,同时释放锁。此时还在运行的线程2获得了锁,当它做到pthread_cond_signal时将被阻塞的线程1唤醒,由于锁还在线程2手里,线程1无法访问公有数据count,线程2将count加1、打印,然后释放锁。此时开始做线程1,pthread_cond_wait的另一个作用就是在它被唤醒后可以重新获得锁,故此时线程1有锁,然后将count减1,打印,释放锁。结果就是1、0。
上面线程间的同步机制叫做“条件变量”,它会和互斥锁搭配使用。条件变量的好处在于它允许程序员加入“判断条件”(用if或者while语句)来操作不同线程,常用的函数是:
pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t* cond, const pthread_condattr_t* cond_attr)
pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t* cond, pthread_mutex_t* mutex)
pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t* cond)
pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t* cond)
分别用来初始化、阻塞、唤醒和销毁。