浅析Java的up casting和down casting

先上示例代码：

（1）抽象类Person

public abstract class Person {
	private String name;
	
	public Person(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	public abstract String getDescription();
	
	public String getName() {
		return this.name;
	}
}

（2）子类Employee

import java.time.*;

public class Employee extends Person{
	private double salary;
	private LocalDate hireDay;
	
	public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day) {
		super(name);
		this.salary = salary;
		hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
	}
	
	public double getSalary() {
		return this.salary;
	}
	
	public LocalDate getHireDay() {
		return this.hireDay;	
	}
	
	public String getDescription() {
		return String.format("an employee with salary of $%.2f", this.salary);
	}
	
	public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) {
		double raise = t