Activity 的工作过程

下图是 Activity 的启动流程时序图，调用过程比较复杂，图片建议放大后查看。

Android 9 及其以后 Activity 的启动过程有变化，主要体现在 realStartActivityLocked 方法。将启动一个 Activity 看做是执行一次事务。当调用 startActivity 那一刻开始，就进行了很深层次的方法调用，不过最终调用还是会回到 ActivityThread，H 是 ActivityThread 的一个内部类，它继承了 Handler，启动一个 Activity 就是用 H 发送了一个 EXECUTE_TRANSACTION 类型的消息。H 对象接收到了这个消息就会调用 handleMessage 方法对这个消息进行相应的处理，如下部分源码是对一些消息的处理。

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
    if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));
    switch (msg.what) {
        case RECEIVER:
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "broadcastReceiveComp");
            handleReceiver((ReceiverData)msg.obj);
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
            break;
        case CREATE_SERVICE:
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, ("serviceCreate: " + String.valueOf(msg.obj)));
            handleCreateService((CreateServiceData)msg.obj);
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
            break;
        case BIND_SERVICE:
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceBind");
            handleBindService((BindServiceData)msg.obj);
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
            break;
        case UNBIND_SERVICE:
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceUnbind");
            handleUnbindService((BindServiceData)msg.obj);
            schedulePurgeIdler();
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
            break;
        case EXECUTE_TRANSACTION:
            final ClientTransaction transaction = (ClientTransaction) msg.obj;
            mTransactionExecutor.execute(transaction);
            if (isSystem()) {
                // Client transactions inside system process are recycled on the client side
                // instead of ClientLifecycleManager to avoid being cleared before this
                // message is handled.
                transaction.recycle();
            }
            // TODO(lifecycler): Recycle locally scheduled transactions.
            break;
        case RELAUNCH_ACTIVITY:
            handleRelaunchActivityLocally((IBinder) msg.obj);
            break;
    }
}

我们知道启动一个 Activity 就是发送一个 EXECUTE_TRANSACTION 类型的消息，然后由 Handler 来处理。最终的调用是 ClientTransactionItem 各个子类的 execute 方法。比如启动一个 Activity ，那么就是 LaunchActivityItem 中的 execute 方法。

@Override
public void execute(ClientTransactionHandler client, IBinder token,
        PendingTransactionActions pendingActions) {
    Trace.traceBegin(TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStart");
    ActivityClientRecord r = new ActivityClientRecord(token, mIntent, mIdent, mInfo,
            mOverrideConfig, mCompatInfo, mReferrer, mVoiceInteractor, mState, mPersistentState,
            mPendingResults, mPendingNewIntents, mIsForward,
            mProfilerInfo, client, mAssistToken);
    client.handleLaunchActivity(r, pendingActions, null /* customIntent */);
    Trace.traceEnd(TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
}

看到 client.handleLaunchActivity 就知道再次绕回到 ActivityThread#handleLaunchActivity 方法中去了。

@Override
public Activity handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r,
        PendingTransactionActions pendingActions, Intent customIntent) {
    WindowManagerGlobal.initialize();

    // Hint the GraphicsEnvironment that an activity is launching on the process.
    GraphicsEnvironment.hintActivityLaunch();

    final Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
    return a;
}

handleLaunchActivity 中又调用了 performLaunchActivity。这个方法是启动 Activity 的真正实现，内部实例化了 Activity 对象、ContextImpl 上下文对象、Application 对象，然后依次调用了 Activity 的 attach 和 onCreate 方法，这意味着 Activity 完成了整个启动过程。

/**  Core implementation of activity launch. */
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
    ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo;
    // 实例化上下文对象
    ContextImpl appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r);
    Activity activity = null;
    try {
        java.lang.ClassLoader cl = appContext.getClassLoader();
        // 实例化 activity
        activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
                cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
        StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass());
        r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
        r.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
        if (r.state != null) {
            r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
        }
    }

    try {
        // 实例化 Application 对象，该对象在整个应用程序中只有一个，如果已经创建过，则不会再次创建
        Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
        if (activity != null) {
            // 调用 activity 的 attach 的方法，建立 activity 与 ContextImpl 的关联。除此之外，在 attach 还会完成 Window 的创建
            //并建立自己和 Window 的关联，这样当 Window 接收到外部输入事件后就可以将事件传递给 Activity。
            activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
                    r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
                    r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
                    r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window, r.configCallback,
                    r.assistToken);
            activity.mCalled = false;
            if (r.isPersistable()) {
                mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state, r.persistentState);
            } else {//调用 Activity 的 onCreate 方法
                mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
            }
            r.activity = activity;
        }
        r.setState(ON_CREATE);
    }
    return activity;
}