java I/O流详解

概念

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java中一切都是面向对象的，在I/O流操作中，可分为数据对象和操作数据对象，对流操作的单元可分为字节流和字符流。
字节流：
1）操作对象是字节，字节是数据在计算机中存储的单元，是一个二进制数
2）是直接操纵文件
字符流：
1）操作对象是文本，字符是抽象符号定义
2）会将数据放入缓冲区，在操作流对象关闭的时候，从缓冲区中写出数据
输入流：
对数据操作，以流的形式存在，从流中读取数据
输出流：
对数据处理，写入到流中，写出到文件中

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字节流

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SequenceInputStream

        SequenceInputStream sequenceInputStream = null;

        Vector<FileInputStream> vector = new Vector<FileInputStream>();
        vector.addElement(new FileInputStream(new File("D://text1.txt")));
        vector.addElement(new FileInputStream(new File("D://text2.txt")));
        vector.addElement(new FileInputStream(new File("D://text3.txt")));
        vector.addElement(new FileInputStream(new File("D://text4.txt")));

        Enumeration<FileInputStream> e = vector.elements();

        sequenceInputStream = new SequenceInputStream(e);

        FileOutputStream outputStream1 = new FileOutputStream(new File("D://file2.txt"));


        //输出流 操作单元以数组形式
        //每次读一个字节，缓存到字节数组中，然后返回
        byte[] buffer1 = new byte[1024];
        int temp = 0 ;
        while((temp = sequenceInputStream.read(buffer1)) != -1){
            System.out.println((char)temp);
            //将字节数组buffer1偏移量0长度为temp的数据写出
            outputStream1.write(buffer1, 0, temp);
            //强制将缓冲区的数据输出到输出流
            outputStream1.flush();
        }

        sequenceInputStream.close();
        outputStream1.close();

ByteArrayInputStream

        String str = "welcome to shanghai";

        //输出到控制台
        PrintStream printStream = new PrintStream(System.out);

        ByteArrayInputStream  byteInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(str.getBytes());

        int index = 0;
        //从字节流中一个个字节读取并返回
        while((index = byteInputStream.read()) != -1){
            printStream.write(index);
        }

        printStream.close();
        byteInputStream.close();

Object(Input/Output)Stream ##

        //输出流 将数据写出到流中
        TestBean bean = new TestBean();
        bean.setName("shanghai");

        OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("object.data");

        ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(outputStream);

        objectOutputStream.writeObject(bean);

        //输入流 从流中将数据读取
        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("object.data");

        ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(inputStream);

        TestBean testBean = (TestBean) objectInputStream.readObject();

        //输出到控制平台
        PrintStream print  = new PrintStream(System.out);

        print.print(testBean.getName());

        outputStream.close();
        objectOutputStream.close();
        inputStream.close();
        objectInputStream.close();
        print.close();

Data(Input/Output)Stream

        OutputStream  outputStream = new FileOutputStream("object.data");

        DataOutputStream dataOutputStream = new DataOutputStream(outputStream);

        TestBean bean = new TestBean();
        bean.setName("shanghai");

        dataOutputStream.writeUTF(bean.getName());;

        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("object.data");

        DataInputStream dataInputStream = new DataInputStream(inputStream);

       String str = dataInputStream.readUTF();

       PrintStream print = new PrintStream(System.out);

       print.print(str);

       outputStream.close();
       dataOutputStream.close();
       inputStream.close();
       dataInputStream.close();
       print.close();

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字符流

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        FileReader reader = new FileReader(new File("D://text1.txt"));
        PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(System.out);

        int index = 0;

        char[] chars = new char[512];


        while((index = reader.read(chars)) != -1){
            writer.write(chars, 0, index);
        }

        reader.close();
        writer.close();