WPF MvvM

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-01 10:24:38 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-01 10:24:38 发布

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分类专栏： WPF/Blend 23种设计模式

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/litao2/article/details/56667975

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MVVM理论知识

WPF技术的主要特点是数据驱动UI,所以在使用WPF技术开发的过程中是以数据为核心的，WPF提供了数据绑定机制，当数据发生变化时，WPF会自动发出通知去更新UI。

我们使用模式，一般是想达到高内聚低耦合。在WPF开发中，经典的编程模式是MVVM，是为WPF量身定做的模式，该模式充分利用了WPF的数据绑定机制，最大限度地降低了Xmal文件和CS文件的耦合度，也就是UI显示和逻辑代码的耦合度，如需要更换界面时，逻辑代码修改很少，甚至不用修改。

与WinForm开发相比，我们一般在后置代码中会使用控件的名字来操作控件的属性来更新UI，而在WPF中通常是通过数据绑定来更新UI；

在响应用户操作上，WinForm是通过控件的事件来处理，而WPF可以使用命令绑定的方式来处理，耦合度将降低。

我们可以通过下图来直观的理解MVVM模式：

View就是用xaml实现的界面，负责与用户交互，接收用户输入，把数据展现给用户。

　　ViewModel，一个C#类，负责收集需要绑定的数据和命令，聚合Model对象，通过View类的DataContext属性绑定到View，同时也可以处理一些UI逻辑。

　　Model，就是系统中的对象，可包含属性和行为。

　　一般，View对应一个ViewModel，ViewModel可以聚合N个Model，ViewModel可以对应多个View,Model不知道View和ViewModel的存在。

阅读参考来源：

http://www.cnblogs.com/bcsj/archive/2012/11/14/WPF.html

效果：

一、公共类设计

1、按添加命令类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Input;

namespace WpfMvvmApp.Common
{
    //定义DelegateCommand类。目的是绑定命令属性。
    //这个类的作用是实现了ICommand接口，WPF中实现了ICommand接口的类，才能作为命令绑定到UI
    public class DelegateCommand : ICommand
    {
        public Action<object> ExecuteCommand = null;
        public Func<object, bool> CanExecuteCommand = null;

        //当命令可执行状态发生改变时，应当被激活
        public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged;

        //用于判断命令是否可以执行 
        public bool CanExecute(object parameter)
        {
            if (CanExecuteCommand != null)
            {
                return this.CanExecuteCommand(parameter);
            }
            else
            {
                return true;
            }
        }

        //执行命令
        public void Execute(object parameter)
        {
            if (this.ExecuteCommand != null) this.ExecuteCommand(parameter);
        }
        public void RaiseCanExecuteChanged()
        {
            if (CanExecuteChanged != null)
            {
                CanExecuteChanged(this, EventArgs.Empty);
            }
        }

    }
}

2、属性更改通知类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ComponentModel;

namespace WpfMvvmApp.Common
{
    //首先定义NotificationObject类。目的是绑定数据属性。
    //这个类的作用是实现了INotifyPropertyChanged接口。WPF中类要实现这个接口，其属性成员才具备通知UI的能力
    public class NotificationBase : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        public void NotifyPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
        {
            if (this.PropertyChanged != null)
            {
                this.PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
            }
        }
    }
}

二、Model

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ComponentModel;
using WpfMvvmApp.Common;

namespace WpfMvvmApp.Model
{
    public class StudentModel : NotificationBase
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 学号
        /// </summary>
        private int studentId;
        public int StudentId
        {
            get
            {
                return studentId;
            }
            set
            {
                studentId = value;
                NotifyPropertyChanged("StudentId");
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 姓名
        /// </summary>
        private string studentName;
        public string StudentName
        {
            get
            {
                return studentName;
            }
            set
            {
                studentName = value;
                NotifyPropertyChanged("StudentName");
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 年龄
        /// </summary>
        private int studentAge;
        public int StudentAge
        {
            get
            {
                return studentAge;
            }
            set
            {
                studentAge = value;
                NotifyPropertyChanged("StudentAge");
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Email
        /// </summary>
        private string studentEmail;
        public string StudentEmail
        {
            get
            {
                return studentEmail;
            }
            set
            {
                studentEmail = value;
                NotifyPropertyChanged("StudentEmail");
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 性别
        /// </summary>
        private string studentSex;
        public string StudentSex
        {
            get
            {
                return studentSex;
            }
            set
            {
                studentSex = value;
                NotifyPropertyChanged("StudentSex");
            }
        }


    }
}

三、ViewModel

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using WpfMvvmApp.Model;
using WpfMvvmApp.Common;
using System.Windows;

namespace WpfMvvmApp.ViewModel
{
    public class StudentViewModel
    {
        public DelegateCommand ShowCommand { get; set; }
        public StudentModel Student { get; set; }

        public DelegateCommand ShowMessageBox { get; set; }
        public StudentViewModel()
        {
            Student = new StudentModel();
            Student.StudentName = "黎明";
            ShowCommand = new DelegateCommand();
            ShowCommand.ExecuteCommand = new Action<object>(ShowStudentData);

            ShowMessageBox = new DelegateCommand();
            ShowMessageBox.ExecuteCommand = new Action<object>(f1);
        }
        private void ShowStudentData(object obj)
        {
            Student.StudentId = 1;
            Student.StudentName = "tiana";
            Student.StudentAge = 20;
            Student.StudentEmail = "8644003248@qq.com";
            Student.StudentSex = "大帅哥";
        }

        private void f1(object obj)
        {
            Window w = obj as Window;
            if (MessageBox.Show("确认要关闭窗口吗？", "提示", MessageBoxButton.YesNo) == MessageBoxResult.Yes)
            {
                w.Close();
            }
        }

    }


}

4、XAML

<Window x:Class="WpfMvvmApp.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525"
        x:Name="windowname">
    <Grid>
        <Label Content="学号" Height="28" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="54,23,0,0" Name="labelStudentId" VerticalAlignment="Top" />
        <TextBox Text="{Binding Student.StudentId}" IsReadOnly="True" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Margin="0,27,289,0" Name="textBoxStudentId" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="120" />
        <Label Content="姓名" Height="28" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="54,61,0,0" Name="labelStudentName" VerticalAlignment="Top" />
        <TextBox Text="{Binding Student.StudentName}" IsReadOnly="True" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="94,65,0,0" Name="textBoxStudentName" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="120" />
        <Label Content="年龄" Height="28" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="54,94,0,0" Name="labelStudentAge" VerticalAlignment="Top" />
        <TextBox Text="{Binding Student.StudentAge}" IsReadOnly="True" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="94,99,0,0" Name="textBoxStudentAge" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="120" />
        <Label Content="Email" Height="28" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="50,138,0,0" Name="labelStudentEmail" VerticalAlignment="Top" />
        <TextBox Text="{Binding Student.StudentEmail}" IsReadOnly="True" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="94,141,0,0" Name="textBoxStudentEmail" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="120" />
        <Label Content="性别" Height="28" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="57,176,0,0" Name="labelStudentSex" VerticalAlignment="Top" />
        <TextBox Text="{Binding Student.StudentSex}" IsReadOnly="True" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="94,180,0,0" Name="textBoxStudentSex" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="120" />
        <Button Command="{Binding ShowCommand}" Content="显示" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="345,27,0,0" Name="buttonShow" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75" />
        <Button Command="{Binding ShowMessageBox}" Content="关闭窗体" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="347,67,0,0" Name="button1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75" CommandParameter="{Binding ElementName=windowname}" />
    </Grid>
</Window>

    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            this.DataContext = new StudentViewModel(); 
        }
    }