1、Semaphore
Semaphore可以维护当前访问自身的线程个数,并且提供了同步机制。
比如当前有5个在线客服,有12个会员需要接待。同时就只能有5个人被接待。当任何一个服务完成后,等待中的其他人就可以占用服务了。
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final Semaphore sp = new Semaphore(3);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
public void run() {
sp.acquire();//必须用try..catch包起来
//TODO //线程需要处理的事情
sp.release();
}
};
service.execute(runnable);
}
}
2、CyclicBarrier
一个同步辅助类,它允许一组线程互相等待,直到到达某个公共屏障点 (common barrier point)。在涉及一组固定大小的线程的程序中,这些线程必须不时地互相等待,此时 CyclicBarrier 很有用。因为该 barrier 在释放等待线程后可以重用,所以称它为循环 的 barrier。
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final CyclicBarrier cb = new CyclicBarrier(3);
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){
public void run(){
try {
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +"已经到了第一站");
cb.await();
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +"已经到了第二站");
cb.await();
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +"已经到了第三站");
cb.await();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
service.execute(runnable);
}
service.shutdown();
}
3、CountDownLatch同步工具
好像倒计时计数器,调用CountDownLatch对象的countDown方法就将计数器减1,当到达0时,所有等待者就开始执行。
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final CountDownLatch cdOrder = new CountDownLatch(1);
final CountDownLatch cdAnswer = new CountDownLatch(3);
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运动员准备中");
cdOrder.await();//运动员各就位倒计时中
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运动员开跑");
Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000)); //开始处理
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运动员跑完了");
cdAnswer.countDown();//裁判准备
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
service.execute(runnable);
}
try {
Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000));
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "准备发布命令");
cdOrder.countDown();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "已发布命令");
cdAnswer.await();//裁判准备收到比赛结果
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "已收到所有响应");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
service.shutdown();
}
4、Exchanger同步工具
用于实现两个人之间的数据交换,每个人在完成一定的事务后想与对方交换数据,第一个先拿出数据的人会一直等待第二个人,直到第二个人拿着数据到来时,才能彼此交换数据。
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final Exchanger exchanger = new Exchanger();
service.execute(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
String data1 = "宝贝111";
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在把数据" + data1 + "换出去");
Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000));
String data2 = (String) exchanger.exchange(data1);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "换回的数据为" + data2);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
});
service.execute(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
String data1 = "宝贝222";
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在把数据" + data1 + "换出去");
Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000));
String data2 = (String) exchanger.exchange(data1);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "换回的数据为" + data2);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
});
}