将nginx服务器安装好后,每次启动,停止nginx服务均要进入 安装目录sbin下进行操作,为了简化步骤和增加开机自启动,所以可以将其加入系统服务行列,以便于使用systemctl和chkconfig进行管理。
备注:下面文章中存在的“//”及后面的文字为备忘记录,在实际应用前请删除。
方法一:使用systemctl进行管理
1.创建nginx.service
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service //此处位置为固定位置,无需改动
2.编辑如下内容
[Unit]
Description=nginx - high performance web server
Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
WorkingDirectory=/usr/local/nginx //此处位置为你的nginx安装目录,根据实际情况进行更改
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx //此处位置为你的nginx安装目录中的nginx可执行文件位置,根据实际位置进行更改
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
3.使文件生效
systemctl daemon-reload
4.启动nginx
systemctl start nginx
5.关闭nginx
systemctl stop nginx
6.重启nginx
systemctl restart nginx
7.开机启动
systemctl enable nginx
8.问题请看最下备注
方法二:使用chkconfig进行管理
1.创建/etc/init.d/nginx文件
touch /etc/init.d/nginx
2.为nginx文件写入信息
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx" //这里需要更改为你的安装位置的nginx可执行文件的所在位置
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" //这里需要更改为你的安装位置的nginx.conf的所在位置
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx //无需改动
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:.*--user=" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
if [ -n "$user" ]; then
if [ -z "`grep $user /etc/passwd`" ]; then
useradd -M -s /bin/nologin $user
fi
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
fi
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
3.更改/etc/init.d/nginx权限
chmod a+x nginx
4.添加nginx服务为系统服务
chkconfig --add nginx
添加成功后就可以执行service nginx start、stop、restart、status等操作了。
5.问题请看下面的备注
备注:
当上面任意一种操作完成后,执行nginx服务的启动,停止等可能会出现一下报错:
错误1:
执行:systemctl status nginx.service 报错如下:
● nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Wed 2018-09-19 10:06:18 CST; 4min 47s ago
Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs
Sep 19 10:06:17 lt nginx[32486]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:443 failed (98: Address already in use)
Sep 19 10:06:17 lt nginx[32486]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Sep 19 10:06:17 lt nginx[32486]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:443 failed (98: Address already in use)
Sep 19 10:06:18 lt nginx[32486]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
Sep 19 10:06:18 lt nginx[32486]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:443 failed (98: Address already in use)
Sep 19 10:06:18 lt systemd[1]: nginx.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Sep 19 10:06:18 lt nginx[32486]: nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()
Sep 19 10:06:18 lt systemd[1]: Failed to start nginx.service.
Sep 19 10:06:18 lt systemd[1]: Unit nginx.service entered failed state.
Sep 19 10:06:18 lt systemd[1]: nginx.service failed.
方案:
如果出现这种类似的错误,原因在于你的nginx服务器已经通过 /sbin/nginx 进行了启动,如果需要通过service nginx start....和 sytemctl statrt nginx.service 进行操作,需要你先通过手动/sbin/nginx -s stop进行停止,这时候 service nginx start....和 sytemctl statrt nginx.service 就可以操作nginx服务了。