136.Single Number

给一个整型数组,其中只有一个元素出现1次,其余元素都出现两次,让你找出只出现一次的元素

注意:

使用线性的运行时间,不使用额外的空间

(这里解释一下,leetcode中线性时间即O(n),不使用额外的空间就是空间复杂度为O(1))

直接粘代码吧:

class Solution(object):
    def singleNumber(self, nums):
        length = len(nums)
        i =1 
        while i < length:
            nums[0] = nums[0]^nums[i]
            i += 1
        return nums[0]

解释下用到的知识点,就是位运算的异或(^)运算。相同的数异或后为0 ,最后就剩下那个只出现一次的数

例如:

2 ^ 2 = 0

2^2^1 =1

Sure, here are some common OOP features and principles: Features: 1. Encapsulation: Encapsulation is the process of hiding the implementation details of an object from the outside world, and restricting access to the object's internal data and methods. 2. Abstraction: Abstraction is the process of creating a simplified version of something complex, in order to make it more manageable and easier to understand. 3. Inheritance: Inheritance is the mechanism by which one class inherits properties and methods from another class. 4. Polymorphism: Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many different forms, depending on the context in which it is used. Principles: 1. Single Responsibility Principle: The Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) states that a class should have only one reason to change. This means that a class should only be responsible for one thing, and should not be responsible for multiple unrelated tasks. 2. Open/Closed Principle: The Open/Closed Principle (OCP) states that a class should be open for extension but closed for modification. This means that you should be able to add new functionality to a class without modifying its existing code. 3. Liskov Substitution Principle: The Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) states that a subclass should be able to be substituted for its parent class without affecting the correctness of the program. This means that a subclass should be able to use all the methods and properties of its parent class without any issues. 4. Interface Segregation Principle: The Interface Segregation Principle (ISP) states that a class should not be forced to implement interfaces it does not use. This means that you should only include the methods and properties that are necessary for a class to perform its specific tasks in its interface. 5. Dependency Inversion Principle: The Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP) states that high-level modules should not depend on low-level modules, but both should depend on abstractions. This means that you should use interfaces or abstract classes to decouple the high-level and low-level classes, making your code more flexible and easy to maintain.
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