Python中if语句的用法

>>> cars = ['audi','bmw','subaru','toyota']
>>> for car in cars:
...     if car == 'bmw':
...         print(car.upper())
...     else:
...         print(car.title())
...
Audi
BMW
Subaru
Toyota

检查是否相等用“==”，检查是否不相等用“!=”

使用and检查多个条件

>>> age_0 = 22
>>> age_1 = 18
>>> age_0 >= 21 and age_1 >= 21
False

使用or检查多个条件

>>> age_0 >= 21 or age_1 >= 21
True

检查特定值是否包含在列表中用 in

>>> requested_toppings = ['mushrooms','onions','pineapple']
>>> 'mushroom' in requested_toppings
False
>>> 'mushrooms' in requested_toppings
True

检查特定值是否不包含在列表中用 not in

>>> banned_users = ['andrew','carolina','david']
>>> user = 'marie'
>>> if user not in banned_users:
...     print(f"{user},you can post a response if you wish")
...
marie,you can post a response if you wish

---

if语句

>>> age = 19
>>> if age > 18:
...     print("you are old enough to vote!")
...
you are old enough to vote!

if-else语句

>>> age = 17
>>> if age >=18:
...     print("you are old enough to vote!")
...     print("Have you registered to vote yet?")
... else:
...     print("Sorry,you are too young to vote!")
...     print("Please register to vote as soon as you turn 18!")
...
Sorry,you are too young to vote!
Please register to vote as soon as you turn 18!

if-elif-else结构

>>> age = 12
>>> if age < 4:
...     print("You admission cost is $0.")
... elif age <18:
...     print("Your admission cost is $25.")
... else:
...     print("Your admission cost is $40.")
...
Your admission cost is $25.

为了让代码更简洁，可以用下面的代码

>>> age = 12
>>> if age < 4:
...     price = 0
... elif age < 18:
...     price = 25
... else:
...     price = 40
...
>>> print(f"Your admission cost is ${price}")
Your admission cost is $25

确定列表不是空的

>>> requested_toppings = []
>>> if requested_toppings:
...     for requested_topping in requested_toppings:
...         print(f"Adding {requested_topping}.")
...     print("\nFinished making your pizza!")
... else:
...     print("Are you sure you want a plain pizza?")
...
Are you sure you want a plain pizza?

 判断是否在另一个列表中

>>> available_toppings = ['mushrooms','olives','green peppers','pepperoni','pineapple','extra cheese']
>>> requested_toppings = ['mushrooms','french fries','extra cheese']
>>> for requested_topping in requested_toppings:
...     if requested_topping in available_toppings:
...         print(f"Adding {requested_topping}.")
...     else:
...         print(f"Sorry, we don't have {requested_topping}.")
... 
...print("\nFinished making your pizza!")
...Adding mushrooms.
...Sorry, we don't have french fries.
...Adding extra cheese.

...Finished making your pizza!