你可能有这样的需求:
客户端需要持续访问服务端获取变化的数据,但是拉取变化的数据这个动作可能比较费时,所以并不能立刻返回结果。如果使用普通的同步请求客户端的连接会一直阻塞在服务端,服务端持有的连接也会越来越多,性能极差。
短链接在请求耗时比较长的场景中效果很差,那用什么方式呢?长连接?长连接建立tcp三次握手后就会和服务器端一直保持连接直到服务端断开连接,但是连接状态会一直保存在web容器中。
使用长轮询更加合理,servlet3支持异步servlet,在服务器端阻塞请求,释放容器线程,在数据准备好之后再返回给客户端。这样客户端请求是同步的而服务端是异步的。
代码模拟示例:实现一个客户端不同用户去拉取数据设置数据,服务端接收设置数据请求并发送到各个客户端的场景。很像一个聊天室。
import javax.servlet.AsyncContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/**
* @author <a href="mailto:liuchangqing@youku.com">liuchangqing</a>
* @date 2017/8/2.
*/
@WebServlet(name = "asyServlet",urlPatterns = "/asyServlet.do",asyncSupported = true)
public class AsyServlet extends HttpServlet{
//存储请求的所有客户端
private static final Map<String,GetClient> clients = new ConcurrentHashMap<String,GetClient>();
static {
//启动一个线程,扫描,关闭所有超时的连接
new Timer().schedule(new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
long current = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (Map.Entry<String, GetClient> entry : clients.entrySet()) {
GetClient client = entry.getValue();
if (client == null)
return;
if (current - client.time > 20 * 1000) {
client.complete();
clients.remove(entry.getKey());
}
}
}
}, 10, 5000);
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String action = req.getParameter("action");
if("get".equals(action)){//拉数据
final AsyncContext asyncContext = req.startAsync();
asyncContext.setTimeout(0L);
String uid = req.getParameter("uid");
clients.put(uid,new GetClient(asyncContext,uid));
}else if("set".equals(action)){//设置数据
String msg = req.getParameter("msg");
sendMsg(msg);
resp.getWriter().print("set success");
}
}
//消息发送给所有客户端
private void sendMsg(String msg) {
Iterator<String> users = clients.keySet().iterator();
while (users.hasNext()){
GetClient cl = clients.get(users.next());
if(cl != null) cl.response(msg);
}
}
}
class GetClient{
public AsyncContext asyncContext;
public String uid;
public long time;
public GetClient(AsyncContext asyncContext, String uid) {
this.asyncContext = asyncContext;
this.uid = uid;
this.time = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
//关闭连接
public void complete() {
response("connect end");
asyncContext.complete();
}
public static DateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
//响应
public void response(String message) {
Map<String, Object> content = new HashMap<String, Object>();
content.put("messages", message);
try {
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) asyncContext.getResponse();
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
response.setHeader("Content-type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
writer.println(format.format(new Date()) + ",receive:" + content + "<br/>");
writer.flush();
} catch (Exception se) {
}
}
}
发送数据
拉取数据
例子还是比较经典的。
好久没有更新博客了,在农药被人追着打的同时也要坚持写写博客,嘿嘿。