1 什么是FMDB
FMDB是iOS平台的SQLite数据库框架
FMDB以OC的方式封装了SQLite的C语言API
FMDB的优点
使用起来更加面向对象,省去了很多麻烦、冗余的C语言代码
对比苹果自带的Core Data框架,更加轻量级和灵活
提供了多线程安全的数据库操作方法,有效地防止数据混乱
FMDB的github地址 https://github.com/ccgus/fmdb
2 FMDB有三个主要的类 FMDatabase 一个FMDatabase对象就代表一个单独的SQLite数据库 用来执行SQL语句
FMResultSet 使用FMDatabase执行查询后的结果集
FMDatabaseQueue 用于在多线程中执行多个查询或更新,它是线程安全的
3 通过指定SQLite数据库文件路径来创建FMDatabase对象 FMDatabase *db = [FMDatabase databaseWithPath:path]; if (![db open]) { NSLog(@"数据库打开失败!"); }
文件路径有三种情况 (1)具体文件路径
如果不存在会自动创建
(2)空字符串@"" 会在临时目录创建一个空的数据库 当FMDatabase连接关闭时,数据库文件也被删除
(3)nil 会创建一个内存中临时数据库,当FMDatabase连接关闭时,数据库会被销毁
4 在FMDB中,除查询以外的所有操作,都称为“更新” create、drop、insert、update、delete等
使用executeUpdate:方法执行更新 - (BOOL)executeUpdate:(NSString*)sql, ... - (BOOL)executeUpdateWithFormat:(NSString*)format, ... - (BOOL)executeUpdate:(NSString*)sql withArgumentsInArray:(NSArray *)arguments
示例 [db executeUpdate:@"UPDATE t_student SET age = ? WHERE name = ?;", @20, @"Jack"]
查询方法 - (FMResultSet *)executeQuery:(NSString*)sql, ... - (FMResultSet *)executeQueryWithFormat:(NSString*)format, ... - (FMResultSet *)executeQuery:(NSString *)sql withArgumentsInArray:(NSArray *)arguments
示例 // 查询数据 FMResultSet *rs = [db executeQuery:@"SELECT * FROM t_student"];
// 遍历结果集 while ([rs next]) { NSString *name = [rs stringForColumn:@"name"]; int age = [rs intForColumn:@"age"]; double score = [rs doubleForColumn:@"score"]; }
5 FMDatabase这个类是线程不安全的,如果在多个线程中同时使用一个FMDatabase实例,会造成数据混乱等问题
为了保证线程安全,FMDB提供方便快捷的FMDatabaseQueue类
FMDatabaseQueue的创建 FMDatabaseQueue *queue = [FMDatabaseQueue databaseQueueWithPath:path];
简单使用 [queue inDatabase:^(FMDatabase *db) { [db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_student(name) VALUES (?)", @"Jack"]; [db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_student(name) VALUES (?)", @"Rose"]; [db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_student(name) VALUES (?)", @"Jim"]; FMResultSet *rs = [db executeQuery:@"select * from t_student"]; while ([rs next]) { // … } }];
6 使用事务 [queue inTransaction:^(FMDatabase *db, BOOL *rollback) { [db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_student(name) VALUES (?)", @"Jack"]; [db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_student(name) VALUES (?)", @"Rose"]; [db executeUpdate:@"INSERT INTO t_student(name) VALUES (?)", @"Jim"]; FMResultSet *rs = [db executeQuery:@"select * from t_student"]; while ([rs next]) { // … } }];
事务回滚 *rollback = YES;
7代码例子
<span style="font-size:18px;">// // IWViewController.m // 01-SQLite的基本使用 // // Created by apple on 14-5-22. // #import "IWViewController.h" #import "FMDB.h" @interface IWViewController () @property (nonatomic, strong) FMDatabaseQueue *queue; - (IBAction)insert; - (IBAction)update; - (IBAction)delete; - (IBAction)query; @end @implementation IWViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // 0.获得沙盒中的数据库文件名 NSString *filename = [[NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"student.sqlite"]; // 1.创建数据库队列 self.queue = [FMDatabaseQueue databaseQueueWithPath:filename]; // 2.创表 [self.queue inDatabase:^(FMDatabase *db) { BOOL result = [db executeUpdate:@"create table if not exists t_student (id integer primary key autoincrement, name text, age integer);"]; if (result) { NSLog(@"创表成功"); } else { NSLog(@"创表失败"); } }]; } - (IBAction)insert { [self.queue inDatabase:^(FMDatabase *db) { for (int i = 0; i<40; i++) { NSString *name = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"rose-%d", arc4random() % 1000]; NSNumber *age = @(arc4random() % 100 + 1); [db executeUpdate:@"insert into t_student (name, age) values (?, ?);", name, age]; } }]; } - (IBAction)update { [self.queue inDatabase:^(FMDatabase *db) { // 开启事务 // [db executeUpdate:@"begin transaction;"]; // [db beginTransaction]; [db executeUpdate:@"update t_student set age = ? where name = ?;", @20, @"jack"]; [db executeUpdate:@"update t_student set age = ? where name = ?;", @20, @"jack"]; // if (发现情况不对){ // // 回滚事务 // [db rollback]; [db executeUpdate:@"rollback transaction;"]; // } [db executeUpdate:@"update t_student set age = ? where name = ?;", @20, @"jack"]; // 提交事务 // [db commit]; // [db executeUpdate:@"commit transaction;"]; }]; } - (IBAction)delete { [self.queue inTransaction:^(FMDatabase *db, BOOL *rollback) { [db executeUpdate:@"update t_student set age = ? where name = ?;", @20, @"jack"]; [db executeUpdate:@"update t_student set age = ? where name = ?;", @20, @"jack"]; // if (发现情况不对){ // // 回滚事务 // *rollback = YES; // } }]; } - (IBAction)query { [self.queue inDatabase:^(FMDatabase *db) { // 1.查询数据 FMResultSet *rs = [db executeQuery:@"select * from t_student where age > ?;", @50]; // 2.遍历结果集 while (rs.next) { int ID = [rs intForColumn:@"id"]; NSString *name = [rs stringForColumn:@"name"]; int age = [rs intForColumn:@"age"]; NSLog(@"%d %@ %d", ID, name, age); } }]; } @end </span>