链接:https://zh.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string
string 初始化
string c("Exemplary");
string c = "Exemplary";
string c(4,'=');//"===="
assign方法
int main(){
string s;
// assign(size_type count, CharT ch)
s.assign(4,'=');//初始化4个‘=’的字符串
cout<<s<<'\n';//"===="
string const c("Exemplary");
// assign(basic_string const& str)
s.assign(c);//用字符串初始化字符串
cout<<s<<'\n';//"Exemplary"
// assign(basic_string const& str, size_type pos, size_type count)
s.assign(c, 0, c.length()-1);//用选取字符串一定数目的字符初始化字符串
cout<<s<<'\n';// "Exemplar";
// assign(charT const* s, size_type count)
s.assign("C-style string", 7);//截取固定长度的字符串初始化字符串
cout<<s<<'\n';// "C-style"
// assign(basic_string&& str)
s.assign(string("C++ by") + "example");
cout<<s<<'\n'; // "C++ by example"
// assign(charT const* s)
s.assign("C-style\0string");
cout<<s<<'\n';//"C-style" ,\0表示空字符,用C-style\0string初始化s, 被空字符\0截断
char mutable_c_str[] = "C-style string";
// assign(InputIt first, InputIt last)
s.assign(begin(mutable_c_str), end(mutable_c_str)-1);//用迭代器初始化
cout<<s<<'\n';// "C-style string"
//assign(std::initializer_list<charT> ilist)
s.assign({'C', '-', 's', 't', 'y', 'l', 'e' });
cout<<s<<'\n'; // "C-style"
return 0;
}
insert,push_back(), pop_back(),append
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main(){
string s = "This is an example";
cout<<s<<'\n';//This is an example
//basic_string& erase( size_type index = 0, size_type count = npos )
//移除始于 index 的 min(count, size() - index) 个字符。
s.erase(0, 5);
cout<<s<<'\n';//is an example
//iterator erase( const_iterator position );
//算法库的find返回iterator
s.erase(find(s.begin(), s.end(),' '));
cout<<s<<'\n';//isan example
//string.find返回查找到的字符索引,找不到返回string::npos
//从npos清楚
s.erase(s.find(' '));
cout<<s<<'\n';//isan
s.push_back('g');
cout<<s<<'\n';//isang
s.pop_back();
cout<<s<<'\n';//isan
}
compare
#include <cassert>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
int main(){
{
int compare_value{
std::string{"Batman"}.compare(std::string{"Superman"})
};
std::cout << (
//int compare( const basic_string& str ) const;比较string与str
compare_value < 0 ? "Batman comes before Superman\n" :
compare_value > 0 ? "Superman comes before Batman\n" :
"Superman and Batman are the same.\n"
);
}
{
int compare_value{
std::string{"Batman"}.compare(3, 3, std::string{"Superman"})
};
std::cout << (
//int compare( size_type pos1, size_type count1,const basic_string& str ) const;//比较string的[pos1, pos1+count1)的子串与str
compare_value < 0 ? "man comes before Superman\n" :
compare_value > 0 ? "Superman comes before man\n" :
"man and Superman are the same.\n"
);
}
return 0;
}
append
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
string str = "string";
const char* cptr = "C-string";
const char carr[] = "Two and one";
string output;
output.append(3, '*');//basic_string& append( size_type count, CharT ch ),后附count个ch,“***”
output.append(str);//basic_string& append( const basic_string& str ),后附string str, ***string
output.append(str, 3, 3);//basic_string& append( const basic_string& str, size_type pos, size_type count), 后附str的子串[pos, pos+count), ***stringing
output.append(begin(carr)+3, end(carr));//basic_string& append( InputIt first, InputIt last );后附范围[first, last), ***stringing and one
output.append({ ' ', 'l', 'i', 's', 't' });//basic_string& append( std::initializer_list<CharT> ilist );后附列表, ***stringing and one list
}
starts_with, ends_with (C++20起),replace(C++14起)
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main(){
string str = "string";
char chs[] = "str";
str.starts_with("str") == True ? cout<<"True": cout<<"False";//以C++-string开头
str.starts_with(chs) == True ? cout<<"True": cout<<"False";//以C-string开头
str.starts_with('s') == True ? cout<<"True": cout<<"False";//以单个字符开头
string str_p("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog");
//basic_string& replace( size_type pos, size_type count, const basic_string& str );将[pos, pos+count)替换为str
str_p.replace(10, 5, "red");//"The quick red fox jumps over the lazy dog"
//basic_string& replace( const_iterator first, const_iterator last, size_type count2, CharT ch ); 替换为count2个ch
str_p.replace(str_p.begin(), str_p.begin() + 3, 1, 'A');//"A quick red fox jumps over the lazy dog"
return 0;
}
容量 | |
检查字符串是否为空 (公开成员函数) | |
返回字符数 (公开成员函数) | |
返回字符数的最大值 (公开成员函数) | |
保留存储 (公开成员函数) | |
返回当前对象分配的存储空间能保存的字符数量 (公开成员函数) | |
(C++11) | 通过释放不使用内存减少内存使用 |
//capacity返回字符串当前已为之分配空间的字符数。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cassert>
void show_capacity(std::string const& s)
{
std::cout << "'" << s << "' has capacity " << s.capacity() << ".\n";
}
int main()
{
std::string s("Exemplar");
show_capacity(s);
s += " is an example string.";
show_capacity(s);
s.clear();
assert(s.empty());
std::cout<<"size = "<<s.size()<<'\n';
s.shrink_to_fit();
show_capacity(s);
}
/*
'Exemplar' has capacity 8.
'Exemplar is an example string.' has capacity 30.
'' has capacity 30.
size = 0
'' has capacity 0.
*/
erase
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main(){
string s("xmplr");
//insert(size_type index, size_type count, char ch)
s.insert(0, 1, 'E');
std::cout<<"s = "<<s<<'\n';
//insert(size_type index, char ch)
s.insert(2,"e");//在索引2的字符前插入1个‘e’
std::cout<<"s = "<<s<<'\n';
//insert(size_type index, string const& str)
s.insert(6, "a");
std::cout<<"s = "<<s<<'\n';
//insert(size_type index, string const& str, size_type index_str, size_type count)
s.insert(8, " is an example string.", 0, 14);
std::cout<<"s = "<<s<<'\n';
//insert(const_iterator pos, char ch)
s.insert(s.begin() + s.find_first_of('n')+1,':');
std::cout<<"s = "<<s<<'\n';
//insert(const_iterator pos, InputIt first, Input last)
{
string seq = "string";//迭代器初始化
s.insert(s.begin()+s.find_last_of('e') + 1, begin(seq), end(seq));
std::cout<<"s = "<<s<<'\n';
}
//insert(const_iterator pos, initializer_list<char>)
s.insert(s.cbegin() + s.find_first_of('g') + 1, {'.'});
std::cout<<"s = "<<s<<'\n';
return 0;
}
查找 | |
于字符串中寻找字符 (公开成员函数) | |
寻找子串的最后一次出现 (公开成员函数) | |
寻找字符的首次出现 (公开成员函数) | |
寻找字符的首次缺失 (公开成员函数) | |
寻找字符的最后一次出现 (公开成员函数) | |
寻找字符的最后一次缺失 |
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
void print(size_t n, string const &s)
{
if (n == string::npos) {
cout << "not found\n";
} else {
cout << "found: " << s.substr(n) << '\n';
}
}
int main()
{
size_t n;
string const s = "This is a string";
// 从 string 开始搜索
n = s.find("is");
print(n, s);
// 从位置 5 开始搜索
n = s.find("is", 5);
print(n, s);
// 寻找单个字符
n = s.find('a');
print(n, s);
// 寻找单个字符
n = s.find('q');
print(n, s);
}
substr
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main(){
string a = "0123456789abcdefghij"
//basic_string substr( size_type pos = 0, [size_type count = npos] ) const
string sub1 = a.substr(10);
cout<< sub1 << '\n';//abcdefghij
string sub2 = a.substr(5, 3);
cout<< sub2 <<'\n';//567
string b = "BBB";
string c = "CCC";
b.swap(c);//交换b和c的内容,b = "CCC", c = "BBB"
}