base-kernel-file-layout

/    root directory of the entire file system

/bin/  essential command binary that need to be avaliable in signal user mode;

          for all users,e.g.,cat,ls,cp

/boot/  boot loader files,often a sperate partion

/dev/ essential devices

/etc/   host-specific system-wide configuration files

    /etc/opt/   configuration file for /opt/

    /etc/x11/   configuration file for X Window System, version 11

    /etc/sgml/   SGML

    /etc/xml/    XML

/home/  User's home directory ,often sperate partion

/lib/     Libraries essential for the binaries in /bin/ and /sbin/

/media/    Mount points for removable media such as CD-ROMs

/mnt/     Temporarily mounted filesystem

/opt/  Optional application software packages

/proc/    Virtual filesystem documenting kernel and process status as text file

/root/  Home directory for the root user

/sbin/    Essential system binaries e.g. init,ip,mount

/srv/     Site-specific data which is served by the system

/tmp/     Temporary files. Often not preserved between system reboots

/usr/      Secondary hierarchy for read-only user data;contains the majority of (multi-)user utilities and applications

     /usr/bin/    Non-essential command bianries ; for all users

    /usr/include/    Standard include files

    /usr/lib/        LIbraries for the binaries in /usr/bin/ and /usr/sbin

    /usr/sbin/      Non-essential system binaries

    /usr/share/     Architecture-independent (shared) data

    /usr/src/     Source code.e.g. kernel source code with its header file

    /usr/x11R6/    X Window System,version 11,Release 6

    /usr/local/     Teritary hierarchy for local data,specific to this host

/var/    Variable files---files whose contents is ecpected to be changed during normal operation of the system---such as logs,spool files and temporary e-mail files.Sometimes a  

      sperate partion

    /var/cache/    Application cache data

    /var/lib/       State information.Persistent data modified by program as they run,e.g.,databases,packaging system metadata,etc.

    /var/lock/    Lock files.Files keeping track of resources currently in use.

    /var/log/      Log files.Variout logs.

    /var/mail/    User's mailboxes.

    /var/run/     Information about the running system since last boot,e.g.,currently loged-in users and running daemons    

    /var/spool/    Spool for tasks waiting to be processed,e.g.,print queues and unread mail.

         /var/spool/mail/     Deprecated location for user's mailboxes

    /var/tmp/    Temporary files to be preserved between reboots