centos 7.6 离线安装 ftp

目录

 

下载ftp

安装vsftpd

遇到的问题：

安装ftp客户端

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下载ftp

首先检查一下是否已经安装：

rpm -qa | grep vsftpd

什么都没出现，说明没有安装。

下载对应版本的FTP服务器：http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=vsftpd(x86-64)

我下载的是这个版本：

同时下载好ftp客户端，为后续测试准备，我下载下图版本：

准备好软件，上传至服务器，正式进入安装步骤。

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安装vsftpd

• 安装vsftpd，防止依赖错误，建议强制安装

rpm -ivh vsftpd-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps

• 配置ftp，主要配置 vsftpd.conf 文件

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_                                                                                                                                                             full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=NO
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
userlist_deny=NO
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YES

reverse_lookup_enable=NO
pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
local_root=/home/ftp
pasv_enable=YES
pasv_min_port=6000
pasv_max_port=7000

• 开放相关防火墙端口(21,6000-7000端口)

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=6000-7000/tcp --permanent   # 开放6000-7000端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-port=6000-7000/tcp --permanent  #关闭6000-7000端口

firewall-cmd --reload   # 配置立即生效

firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports   #查看防火墙所有开放的端口

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• 添加ftp用户及权限

useradd -d /home/ftp -s /sbin/nologin ftpup #添加用户 
passwd ftpup   #设置密码
输入用户密码    #输入密码
再次输入密码    #再次输入密码

• 重启ftp

service vsftpd stop  #停止ftp
service vsftpd start #启动ftp

遇到的问题：

• 问题1：配置用户时，使用 /sbin/nologin ，但shells 没有配置

530 Login incorrect.
Login failed.
ftp> ls -l
530 Please login with USER and PASS.
Passive mode refused.

      解决办法：vim /etc/shells  增加  /sbin/nologin

• 问题2：未在 chroot_list 文件中添加ftp 用户

Password:
500 OOPS: could not read chroot() list file:/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
Login failed.
ftp> ls -l
421 Service not available, remote server has closed connection
Passive mode refused.
ftp> pwd
Not connected.

• 问题3：没有把6000-7000的端口配置上

227 Entering Passive Mode (10,7,70,36,125,71).
ftp: connect: 没有到主机的路由

• 问题4：没有目录权限

200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
553 Could not create file.

 

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安装ftp客户端

同样先检查是否安装：

rpm -qa | grep ftp

以强制安装方式 进行安装：

rpm -ivh ftp-0.17-67.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps

测试

ftp 192.x.x.x
#输入用户名
#输入密码
#提示：login successful