第一种事物注解的方式:
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />对@Transactional这个注解进行的驱动,这是基于注解的方式使用事务配置声明,这样在具体应用中可以指定对哪些方法使用事务
spring.xml
<!-- 数据源 jndi方式 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean">
<property name="jndiName" value="jdbc/tpsds" />
<property name="resourceRef" value="true" />
</bean>
<!-- 数据连接管理 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<!-- 事务注解支持-->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
Spring中事务管理支持哪两种方式?并说明他们的优缺点?列举几个Spring事务管理器?列举几种Spring事务管理的配置方法?
答:
1..Spring可以通过程序控制和声明两种方式管理事务。程序控制可以精确的控制事务回滚的节点,但是程序与业务代码耦合在一起;声明方式低耦合,但是在对于复杂事务的控制上不如程序控制的方式。
2.jdbc做事务管理器,hibernate事务控制管理器,JdoTransactionManager,JtaTransactionManager,OJB事务管 理器
3.有五种配置方法:
第一种:每个bean都有一个代理;
第二种:所有bean共享一个代理基类;
第三种:使用拦截器
第四种:使用tx标签配置管理器
第五种:全注释
Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分,分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分,无论哪种配置方式,一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。
DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化,比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时,DataSource实际为SessionFactory,TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。
具体如下图:
根据代理机制的不同,总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式,配置文件如下:
第一种方式:每个Bean都有一个代理
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
- <bean id="sessionFactory"
- class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
- <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
- <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
- </bean>
- <!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) -->
- <bean id="transactionManager"
- class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
- <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
- </bean>
- <!-- 配置DAO -->
- <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
- <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
- </bean>
- <bean id="userDao"
- class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
- <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
- <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
- <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
- <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
- <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
- <property name="transactionAttributes">
- <props>
- <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
- </props>
- </property>
- </bean>
- </beans>
第二种方式:所有Bean共享一个代理基类
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
- <bean id="sessionFactory"
- class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
- <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
- <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
- </bean>
- <!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) -->
- <bean id="transactionManager"
- class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
- <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
- </bean>
- <bean id="transactionBase"
- class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
- lazy-init="true" abstract="true">
- <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
- <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
- <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
- <property name="transactionAttributes">
- <props>
- <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
- </props>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <!-- 配置DAO -->
- <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
- <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
- </bean>
- <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >
- <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
- </bean>
- </beans>
第三种方式:使用拦截器
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
- <bean id="sessionFactory"
- class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
- <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
- <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
- </bean>
- <!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) -->
- <bean id="transactionManager"
- class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
- <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
- </bean>
- <bean id="transactionInterceptor"
- class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
- <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
- <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
- <property name="transactionAttributes">
- <props>
- <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
- </props>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
- <property name="beanNames">
- <list>
- <value>*Dao</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- <property name="interceptorNames">
- <list>
- <value>transactionInterceptor</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <!-- 配置DAO -->
- <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
- <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
- </bean>
- </beans>
第四种方式:使用tx标签配置的拦截器
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
- xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
- <context:annotation-config />
- <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />
- <bean id="sessionFactory"
- class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
- <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
- <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
- </bean>
- <!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) -->
- <bean id="transactionManager"
- class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
- <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
- </bean>
- <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
- <tx:attributes>
- <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
- </tx:attributes>
- </tx:advice>
- <aop:config>
- <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
- expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
- <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
- pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />
- </aop:config>
- </beans>
第五种方式:全注解
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
- xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd ;
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
- <context:annotation-config />
- <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />
- <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
- <bean id="sessionFactory"
- class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
- <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
- <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
- </bean>
- <!-- 定义事务管理器(声明式的事务) -->
- <bean id="transactionManager"
- class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
- <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
- </bean>
- </beans>
此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解,如下
- package com.bluesky.spring.dao;
- import java.util.List;
- import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
- import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
- @Transactional
- @Component("userDao")
- public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {
- public List<User> listUsers() {
- return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
- }
- }