libssh2库的使用
ubuntu上使用libssh2库实现本地文件上传到服务器。
1. 编译工具的安装
sudo apt install autoconf
sudo apt install automake
sudo apt install libtool
2. 下载 libssh2 library
解压:tar -xvf libssh2-1.10.0.tar.gz
3.本地编译
3.1 执行 autoreconf -fi
XXX@XXXXXX:~/libssh2/libssh2-1.10.0$autoreconf -fi
报错:
autoreconf: ‘configure.ac’ or ‘configure.in’ is required
原因没有进入libssh2-1.10.0文件夹下
cd libssh2-1.10.0
3.2 执行./configure
XXX@XXXXXX:~/libssh2/libssh2-1.10.0$ ./configure
报错:
…
…
configure: error: Required dependencies are missing!
解决:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
然后再执行./configure,正确。
3.3 执行make
XXX@XXXXXXXX:~/libssh2/libssh2-1.10.0$ make
4.将编译好的程序安装至系统中
sudo make install
XXX@XXXXX:~/libssh2/libssh2-1.10.0$ sudo make install
如果原始码编译无误,且执行结果正确,便可以把程序安装至系统预设的可执行文件存放路径。
5.example下的sftp_write.c文件测试
5.1 编译测试文件
在任意路径下新建一个测试的文件夹,并进入。
XXX@XXXXX:~$ mkdir check_libssh2
XXX@XXXXX:~$ cd check_libssh2/
将要测试的文件拷贝到文件夹下:
XXX@XXXXX:~/check_libssh2$ cp ../libssh2/libssh2-1.10.0/example/sftp_write.c ./
拷贝头文件:
XXX@XXXXX:~/check_libssh2$ cp ../libssh2/libssh2-1.10.0/src/libssh2_config.h ./
开始编译,使用gcc,加上-l参数,指定我们使用的动态库名称。
XXX@XXXXX:~/check_libssh2$ gcc sftp_write.c -l ssh2
编译成功不报错。
5.2 运行可执行文件
XXX@XXXXX:~/check_libssh2$ ./a.out
./a.out: error while loading shared libraries: libssh2.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
运行可执行文件报错。
解决办法:
(1)找到libssh2.so.1的路径
XXX@XXXXX:~/check_libssh2$ whereis libssh2.so.1
libssh2.so: /usr/local/lib/libssh2.so /usr/local/lib/libssh2.so.1
(2)修改配置文件
XXX@XXXXX:/lib64$ sudo vim /etc/ld.so.conf
在文件末尾中加入:
/usr/local/lib
(3)让配置生效
XXX@XXXXX:/lib64$ sudo ldconfig
ldconfig是一个动态链接库管理命令,其目的为了让动态链接库为系统所共享。
ldconfig的主要用途:
默认搜寻/lilb和/usr/lib,以及配置文件/etc/ld.so.conf内所列的目录下的库文件。
搜索出可共享的动态链接库,库文件的格式为:lib***.so.**,进而创建出动态装入程序(ld.so)所需的连接和缓存文件。
缓存文件默认为/etc/ld.so.cache,该文件保存已排好序的动态链接库名字列表。
ldconfig通常在系统启动时运行,而当用户安装了一个新的动态链接库时,就需要手工运行这个命令。
(4)重新编译运行成功
XXX@XXXXX:~/check_libssh2$ gcc sftp_write.c -l ssh2
XXX@XXXXX:~/check_libssh2$ ./a.out 10.XXX.XX.13 username password local_path/local_file dest_path/dest_file
实现了将local_file上传到10.XXX.XX.13服务器上的dest_path/dest_file,dest_file可以不存在,如果存在的话就是覆盖。
6.example的sftp_write.c代码
直接下载官网上面的那个库里面就有这个代码,贴这里方便阅读。
/*
* Sample showing how to do SFTP write transfers.
*
* The sample code has default values for host name, user name, password
* and path to copy, but you can specify them on the command line like:
*
* "sftp 192.168.0.1 user password sftp_write.c /tmp/secrets"
*/
#include "libssh2_config.h"
#include <libssh2.h>
#include <libssh2_sftp.h>
#ifdef HAVE_WINSOCK2_H
# include <winsock2.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H
# include <sys/socket.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_NETINET_IN_H
# include <netinet/in.h>
#endif
# ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ARPA_INET_H
# include <arpa/inet.h>
#endif
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
unsigned long hostaddr;
int sock, i, auth_pw = 1;
struct sockaddr_in sin;
const char *fingerprint;
LIBSSH2_SESSION *session;
const char *username = "username";
const char *password = "password";
const char *loclfile = "sftp_write.c";
const char *sftppath = "/tmp/TEST";
int rc;
FILE *local;
LIBSSH2_SFTP *sftp_session;
LIBSSH2_SFTP_HANDLE *sftp_handle;
char mem[1024*100];
size_t nread;
char *ptr;
#ifdef WIN32
WSADATA wsadata;
int err;
err = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 0), &wsadata);
if(err != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "WSAStartup failed with error: %d\n", err);
return 1;
}
#endif
if(argc > 1) {
hostaddr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
}
else {
hostaddr = htonl(0x7F000001);
}
if(argc > 2) {
username = argv[2];
}
if(argc > 3) {
password = argv[3];
}
if(argc > 4) {
loclfile = argv[4];
}
if(argc > 5) {
sftppath = argv[5];
}
rc = libssh2_init(0);
if(rc != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "libssh2 initialization failed (%d)\n", rc);
return 1;
}
local = fopen(loclfile, "rb");
if(!local) {
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open local file %s\n", loclfile);
return -1;
}
/*
* The application code is responsible for creating the socket
* and establishing the connection
*/
sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_port = htons(22);
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = hostaddr;
if(connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)(&sin),
sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "failed to connect!\n");
return -1;
}
/* Create a session instance
*/
session = libssh2_session_init();
if(!session)
return -1;
/* Since we have set non-blocking, tell libssh2 we are blocking */
libssh2_session_set_blocking(session, 1);
/* ... start it up. This will trade welcome banners, exchange keys,
* and setup crypto, compression, and MAC layers
*/
rc = libssh2_session_handshake(session, sock);
if(rc) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failure establishing SSH session: %d\n", rc);
return -1;
}
/* At this point we havn't yet authenticated. The first thing to do
* is check the hostkey's fingerprint against our known hosts Your app
* may have it hard coded, may go to a file, may present it to the
* user, that's your call
*/
fingerprint = libssh2_hostkey_hash(session, LIBSSH2_HOSTKEY_HASH_SHA1);
fprintf(stderr, "Fingerprint: ");
for(i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
fprintf(stderr, "%02X ", (unsigned char)fingerprint[i]);
}
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
if(auth_pw) {
/* We could authenticate via password */
if(libssh2_userauth_password(session, username, password)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Authentication by password failed.\n");
goto shutdown;
}
}
else {
/* Or by public key */
const char *pubkey = "/home/username/.ssh/id_rsa.pub";
const char *privkey = "/home/username/.ssh/id_rsa.pub";
if(libssh2_userauth_publickey_fromfile(session, username,
pubkey, privkey,
password)) {
fprintf(stderr, "\tAuthentication by public key failed\n");
goto shutdown;
}
}
fprintf(stderr, "libssh2_sftp_init()!\n");
sftp_session = libssh2_sftp_init(session);
if(!sftp_session) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to init SFTP session\n");
goto shutdown;
}
fprintf(stderr, "libssh2_sftp_open()!\n");
/* Request a file via SFTP */
sftp_handle =
libssh2_sftp_open(sftp_session, sftppath,
LIBSSH2_FXF_WRITE|LIBSSH2_FXF_CREAT|LIBSSH2_FXF_TRUNC,
LIBSSH2_SFTP_S_IRUSR|LIBSSH2_SFTP_S_IWUSR|
LIBSSH2_SFTP_S_IRGRP|LIBSSH2_SFTP_S_IROTH);
if(!sftp_handle) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open file with SFTP\n");
goto shutdown;
}
fprintf(stderr, "libssh2_sftp_open() is done, now send data!\n");
do {
nread = fread(mem, 1, sizeof(mem), local);
if(nread <= 0) {
/* end of file */
break;
}
ptr = mem;
do {
/* write data in a loop until we block */
rc = libssh2_sftp_write(sftp_handle, ptr, nread);
if(rc < 0)
break;
ptr += rc;
nread -= rc;
} while(nread);
} while(rc > 0);
libssh2_sftp_close(sftp_handle);
libssh2_sftp_shutdown(sftp_session);
shutdown:
libssh2_session_disconnect(session,
"Normal Shutdown, Thank you for playing");
libssh2_session_free(session);
#ifdef WIN32
closesocket(sock);
#else
close(sock);
#endif
if(local)
fclose(local);
fprintf(stderr, "all done\n");
libssh2_exit();
return 0;
}