C++：自定义operator new 和delete

C++通过new来在堆上创建对象，这一过程分为两步：

1.分配一块大小合适的内存

2.调用构造函数初始化对象

C++允许重载operator new，但是请注意，这个重载的operator new只需且只能完成第一步的工作，即：分配内存；初始化对象的任务由编译器负责完成。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
class A{
public:
	A()
	{
		cout<<"A constructor"<<endl;
	}
	~A()
	{
		cout<<"A destructor"<<endl;
	}
};
 
 
void* operator new(size_t size)
{
	cout<<"call operator new"<<endl;
	if(size == 0)            //编译器自带的operator new也允许分配size为0的内存
	{
		size = 1;
	}
	return malloc(size);
}
 
void operator delete(void* ptr)
{
	cout<<"call operator delete"<<endl;
	if(ptr == 0) return;    //C++允许delete空指针
	free(ptr);
}
 
int main(){
	A *pa = new A();
	delete pa;
	return 0;
}
 
 
允许程序输出：
call operator new
A constructor
A destructor
call operator delete
 
可见定义了operator new和delete后，分配和释放内存都是通过自定义的new和delete进行的，虽然自定义的new和delete没有调用构造和析构函数，但是编译器会进行调用。

可以为类定义自己的operator new和delete：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
class A{
public:
	A()
	{
		cout<<"A constructor"<<endl;
	}
	~A()
	{
		cout<<"A destructor"<<endl;
	}
	void* operator new(size_t size)
	{
		cout<<"call A::operator new"<<endl;
		if(size == 0)
		{
			size = 1;
		}
		return malloc(size);
	}
	void operator delete(void* ptr)
	{
		cout<<"call A::operator delete"<<endl;
		if(ptr == 0) return;
		free(ptr);
	}
};
 
class B{
public:
	B()
	{
		cout<<"B constructor"<<endl;
	}
	~B()
	{
		cout<<"B destructor"<<endl;
	}
};
 
int main(){
	A *pa = new A();
	delete pa;
	B* pb = new B();
	delete pb;
	return 0;
}
 
允许程序输出：
call A::operator new
A constructor
A destructor
call A::operator delete
B constructor
B destructor
 
可见类A调用自己的operator new和delete
类B由于没有自定义的operator new和delete，所以还是会调用默认的new和delete