笔记：Gof设计模式--Chain of Responsibility

1、意图

  Avoid coupling the sender of a request to its receiver by giving morethan one object a chance to handle the request. Chain the receivingobjects and pass the request along the chain until an objecthandles it.

2、适应性

  Use Chain of Responsibility when
  •  more than one object may handle a request, and the handler isn't knowna priori. The handler should be ascertained automatically.
  •  you want to issue a request to one of several objects withoutspecifying the receiver explicitly.
  •  the set of objects that can handle a request should be specifieddynamically.

 

3、结构

 

 

4、示例代码

The HelpHandler class defines the interface for handlinghelp requests. It maintains a help topic (which is empty by default)and keeps a reference to its successor on the chain of help handlers.The key operation is HandleHelp, which subclassesoverride. HasHelp is a convenience operation for checkingwhether there is an associated help topic.

typedef int Topic; 
const Topic NO_HELP_TOPIC = -1; 
 
class HelpHandler { 
public: 
    HelpHandler(HelpHandler* = 0, Topic = NO_HELP_
    virtual bool HasHelp(); 
    virtual void SetHandler(HelpHandler*, Topic); 
    virtual void HandleHelp(); 
private: 
    HelpHandler* _successor; 
    Topic _topic; 
};

HelpHandler::HelpHandler (  
   HelpHandler* h, Topic t  
) : _successor(h), _topic(t) { }
 
bool HelpHandler::HasHelp () { 
    return _topic != NO_HELP_TOPIC; 
} 
 
void HelpHandler::HandleHelp () { 
    if (_successor != 0) { 
    successor->HandleHelp(); 
    } 
} 

 

 All widgets are subclasses of the Widget abstract class.Widget is a subclass of HelpHandler, since alluser interface elements can have help associated with them.  (We couldhave used a mixin-based implementation just as well.)

class Widget : public HelpHandler { 
protected: 
    Widget(Widget* parent, Topic t = NO_HELP_TOPIC); 
private: 
    Widget* _parent; 
}; 
 
Widget::Widget (Widget* w, Topic t) : HelpHandler(w, t) { 
    _parent = w; 
}

 

 In our example, a button is the first handler on the chain. TheButton class is a subclass of Widget.

class Button : public Widget { 
public: 
    Button(Widget* d, Topic t = NO_HELP_TOPIC); 
virtual void HandleHelp(); 
// Widget operations that Button overrides... 
}; 

Button::Button (Widget* h, Topic t) : Widget(h, t) { } 
 
void Button::HandleHelp () { 
    if (HasHelp()) { 
    // offer help on the button 
} else { 
    HelpHandler::HandleHelp(); 
} 
} 

class Dialog : public Widget { 
public: 
Dialog(HelpHandler* h, Topic t = NO_HELP_TOPIC); 
virtual void HandleHelp(); 
// Widget operations that Dialog overrides... 
// ... 
}; 
 
Dialog::Dialog (HelpHandler* h,  Topic t) : Widget(0) { 
SetHandler(h, t); 
} 
 
void Dialog::HandleHelp () { 
if (HasHelp()) { 
// offer help on the dialog 
} else { 
HelpHandler::HandleHelp(); 
} 
} 

 

class Application : public HelpHandler { 
public: 
Application(Topic t) : HelpHandler(0, t) { } 
virtual void HandleHelp(); 
// application-specific operations... 
}; 
 
void Application::HandleHelp () { 
// show a list of help topics 
} 

 

const Topic PRINT_TOPIC = 1; 
const Topic PAPER_ORIENTATION_TOPIC = 2; 
const Topic APPLICATION_TOPIC = 3; 
 
Application* application = new Application(APPLICATION_TOPIC); 
Dialog* dialog = new Dialog(application, PRINT_TOPIC); 
Button* button = new Button(dialog, PAPER_ORIENTATION_TOPIC); 
We can invoke the help request by calling HandleHelp on anyobject on the chain
To start the search at the button object, justcall HandleHelp on it: 
    button->HandleHelp();