通过bulk collect减少loop处理的开销,
使用Bulk Collect提高Oracle查询效率
Oracle8i中首次引入了Bulk Collect特性,该特性可以让我们在PL/SQL中能使用批查询,批查询在某些情况下能显著提高查询效率。
采用bulk collect可以将查询结果一次性地加载到collections中。
而不是通过cursor一条一条地处理。
可以在select into,fetch into,returning into语句使用bulk collect。
注意在使用bulk collect时,所有的into变量都必须是collections.
举几个简单的例子:
View Code
--在select into语句中使用bulk collect
DECLARE
TYPE SalList IS TABLE OF emp.sal%TYPE;
sals SalList;
BEGIN
-- Limit the number of rows to 100.
SELECT sal BULK COLLECT INTO sals FROM emp
WHERE ROWNUM <= 100;
-- Retrieve 10% (approximately) of the rows in the table.
SELECT sal BULK COLLECT INTO sals FROM emp SAMPLE 10;
END;
/
--在fetch into中使用bulk collect
DECLARE
TYPE DeptRecTab IS TABLE OF dept%ROWTYPE;
dept_recs DeptRecTab;
CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT deptno, dname, loc FROM dept WHERE deptno > 10;
BEGIN
OPEN c1;
FETCH c1 BULK COLLECT INTO dept_recs;
END;
/
--在returning into中使用bulk collect
CREATE TABLE emp2 AS SELECT * FROM employees;
DECLARE
TYPE NumList IS TABLE OF employees.employee_id%TYPE;
enums NumList;
TYPE NameList IS TABLE OF employees.last_name%TYPE;
names NameList;
BEGIN
DELETE FROM emp2 WHERE department_id = 30
RETURNING employee_id, last_name BULK COLLECT INTO enums, names;
dbms_output.put_line( ' Deleted ' || SQL%ROWCOUNT || ' rows: ');
FOR i IN enums.FIRST .. enums.LAST
LOOP
dbms_output.put_line( ' Employee # ' || enums(i) || ' : ' || names(i));
END LOOP;
END;
/
DROP TABLE emp2;
DECLARE
TYPE SalList IS TABLE OF emp.sal%TYPE;
sals SalList;
BEGIN
-- Limit the number of rows to 100.
SELECT sal BULK COLLECT INTO sals FROM emp
WHERE ROWNUM <= 100;
-- Retrieve 10% (approximately) of the rows in the table.
SELECT sal BULK COLLECT INTO sals FROM emp SAMPLE 10;
END;
/
--在fetch into中使用bulk collect
DECLARE
TYPE DeptRecTab IS TABLE OF dept%ROWTYPE;
dept_recs DeptRecTab;
CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT deptno, dname, loc FROM dept WHERE deptno > 10;
BEGIN
OPEN c1;
FETCH c1 BULK COLLECT INTO dept_recs;
END;
/
--在returning into中使用bulk collect
CREATE TABLE emp2 AS SELECT * FROM employees;
DECLARE
TYPE NumList IS TABLE OF employees.employee_id%TYPE;
enums NumList;
TYPE NameList IS TABLE OF employees.last_name%TYPE;
names NameList;
BEGIN
DELETE FROM emp2 WHERE department_id = 30
RETURNING employee_id, last_name BULK COLLECT INTO enums, names;
dbms_output.put_line( ' Deleted ' || SQL%ROWCOUNT || ' rows: ');
FOR i IN enums.FIRST .. enums.LAST
LOOP
dbms_output.put_line( ' Employee # ' || enums(i) || ' : ' || names(i));
END LOOP;
END;
/
DROP TABLE emp2;
通过上面的测试和分析,我们可以看到Bulk
Collect批查询在某种程度上可以提高查询效率,它首先将所需数据读入内存,然后再统计分析,这样就可以提高查询效率。但是,如果Oracle数据库的内存较小,Shared
Pool Size不足以保存Bulk Collect批查询结果,那么该方法需要将Bulk Collect的集合结果保存在磁盘上,在这种情况下,Bulk
Collect方法的效率反而不如其他两种方法,有兴趣的读者可以进一步测试。
Collect批查询在某种程度上可以提高查询效率,它首先将所需数据读入内存,然后再统计分析,这样就可以提高查询效率。但是,如果Oracle数据库的内存较小,Shared
Pool Size不足以保存Bulk Collect批查询结果,那么该方法需要将Bulk Collect的集合结果保存在磁盘上,在这种情况下,Bulk
Collect方法的效率反而不如其他两种方法,有兴趣的读者可以进一步测试。
另外,除了Bulk Collect批查询外,我们还可以使用FORALL语句来实现批插入、删除和更新,这在大批量数据操作时可以显著提高执行效率。