架构师工具-docker环境篇

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-26 10:31:15 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-26 10:31:15 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/liulong1010/article/details/103588799

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文章目录

- 环境

环境

win7/10
vagrant 2.2.6
virtualBox-6.0.14
centos7
ModaXterm/XShell6

VirtualBox安装

01 访问VirtualBox[官网](https://www.virtualbox.org)

02 选择对应的操作系统版，我这里是选择[6.0.14版本](https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/6.0.14/VirtualBox-6.0.14-133895-Win.exe)安装

03 傻瓜式安装



04 win10中若出现 安装 virtualbox快完成时立即回滚，并提示安装出现严重错误
   (1) 打开服务
   (2) 找到Device Install Service和Device Setup Manager，然后启动
   (3) 再次尝试安装

Vagrant安装

01  访问Vagrant官网
02  下载对应操作系统版本
03  傻瓜式安装
04  win7 安装需要升级powershell版本 
     win7的powershell默认版为2.0 
     查看powershell版本命令: Get-host| Select-Object Version
05 命令行输入vagrant,测试是否安装成功

安装centos7

01 创建centos7文件夹，并进入其中[目录全路径不要有中文字符]
	mkdir D:\ws\centos/7
02 在此目录下打开cmd，运行vagrant init centos/7
   此时会在当前目录下生成Vagrantfile，同时指定使用的镜像为centos/7，关键是这个镜像在哪里，我已经提前准备好了，名称是virtualbox.box文件
   
03 将virtualbox.box文件添加到vagrant管理的镜像中
	(1)下载网盘中的virtualbox.box文件
    (2)保存到磁盘的某个目录，比如D:\ws\virtualbox.box
    (3)添加镜像并起名叫centos/7：vagrant box add centos/7 D:\ws\virtualbox.box
    (4)vagrant box list  查看本地的box[这时候可以看到centos/7]
    
04 centos/7镜像有了，根据Vagrantfile文件启动创建虚拟机
	来到centos7文件夹，在此目录打开cmd窗口，执行vagrant up[打开virtual box观察，可以发现centos7创建成功]
	
05 以后大家操作虚拟机，还是要在centos文件夹打开cmd窗口操作
	vagrant halt   优雅关闭
	vagrant up     正常启动
	
06 vagrant常用命令
	(1)vagrant ssh    
    	进入刚才创建的centos7中
    (2)vagrant status
    	查看centos7的状态
    (3)vagrant halt
    	停止/关闭centos7
    (4)vagrant destroy
    	删除centos7
    (5)vagrant status
    	查看当前vagrant创建的虚拟机
    (6)Vagrantfile中也可以写脚本命令，使得centos7更加丰富
    	但是要注意，修改了Vagrantfile，要想使正常运行的centos7生效，必须使用vagrant reload

到这里恭喜你，virutalBox+vagrant搭建的cetons7环境成功

使用ModaXterm/XShell链接centos7

01 使用centos7的默认账号连接
	在centos文件夹下执行vagrant ssh-config
	关注:Hostname  Port  IdentityFile
	IP:127.0.0.1
	port:2222
	用户名:vagrant
	密码:vagrant
	文件:Identityfile指向的文件private-key
	
02 使用root账户登录
	vagrant ssh   进入到虚拟机中
	sudo -i
	vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
	修改PasswordAuthentication yes
	passwd修改密码，比如abc123
	systemctl restart sshd
	使用账号root，密码abc123进行登录

Vagrantfile通用写法

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "centos/7"

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network. use_dhcp_assigned_default_route: true bridge: "en1: Wi-Fi (AirPort)"
  config.vm.network "public_network",ip: "192.168.0.110"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  #   vb.memory = "1024"
  # end
    config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
        vb.memory = "3000"
        vb.name= "docker-node1"
        vb.cpus= 2
    end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL
end

网络小知识:

config.vm.network “public_network”,ip: “192.168.0.110” 使用固定IP的桥接网
a ip需要和宿主机在同一个网段
b vagrant up 启动是安装 centos7 网络报错时，进入win7的网络的控制版面/更改适配器设置，将Virtualbox Host-Only Network 和 win7的网络链接进行桥接
c centos7 可以ping 通宿主机和ping 通外网，宿主机可以 ping通 centos
config.vm.network “private_network” 私有网络
config.vm.network “forwarded_port”, guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: “127.0.0.1” centos和宿主机通过端口映射，端口转发

vagrant box的打包分发

vagrant box 可以统一开发环境，将你配置好的环境导出给其他人使用可以得到你一样的环境

01 退出虚拟机
	vagrant halt

02 打包
	vagrant package --output first-docker-centos7.box
	
03 得到first-docker-centos7.box
	
04 将first-docker-centos7.box添加到其他的vagrant环境中
	vagrant box add first-docker-centos7 first-docker-centos7.box
	
05 得到Vagrantfile
	vagrant init first-docker-centos7

06 根据Vagrantfile启动虚拟机
	vagrant up [此时可以得到和之前一模一样的环境，但是网络要重新配置]

docker安装

# 01 进入centos7
	vagrant ssh
# 02 卸载之前的docker
	sudo yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine
# 03 安装必要的依赖
	sudo yum install -y yum-utils \
    device-mapper-persistent-data \
    lvm2    
# 04 设置docker仓库  [设置阿里云镜像仓库可以先自行百度，后面课程也会有自己的docker hub讲解]	
	sudo yum-config-manager \
      --add-repo \
      https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 05 配置阿里云加速器 [访问这个地址https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-hangzhou/instances/mirrors]
    使用自己的阿里云账号登录，查看菜单栏左下角，发现有一个镜像加速器:
	sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
	sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
	{
	  "registry-mirrors": ["https://uasve2p6.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
	}
	EOF
	sudo systemctl daemon-reload
	sudo systemctl restart docker

# 06 安装docker
	sudo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 07 启动docker
	sudo systemctl start docker	
# 08 测试docker安装是否成功
	sudo docker run hello-world

docker基本体验

01 创建tomcat容器
    docker pull tomcat
    docker run -d --name my-tomcat -p 9090:8080 tomcat 
02 创建mysql容器  
    docker run -d --name my-sql -p 3301:3306 -e \
    MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=abc123 --privileged mysql
03 进入容器里面
    docker exec -it  containerid   /bin/bash

docker pull     # 拉取镜像到本地
docker run      # 根据某个镜像创建容器
-d              # 让容器在后台运行，其实就是一个进程
--name          # 给容器指定一个名字
-p              # 将容器的端口映射到宿主机的端口
-v              # 将容器的文件映射到宿主机上 数据卷
docker exec -it # 进入到某个容器中并交互式运行