1 多线程的意义
(1)提高用户体验或者避免ANR(Application is not responding)
(2)异步
在应用程序中,有些情况下并不一定需要同步阻塞去等待返回结果,可以通过多线程来实现异步,如异步加载云端图片
2 多线程的创建
(1)继承Thread类实现多线程
通过继承Thread类不能用一个实例创建多个线程,一般不能资源共享,但是也可以共享Thread类是static变量
(2)实现Runnable接口方式实现多线程
调用Thread类创建线程时,可以使用同一个Runnable实例,则创建的多线程对象也是共享的,所以实现Runnable接口适合于资源共享
3 线程池的应用
(1)new Thread的弊端
a)每次new Thread新建对象性能差
b)线程缺乏统一管理,可能无限制新建线程,相互竞争,可能占用过多系统资源导致死机或内存溢出oom
c)缺乏更多功能,如定时执行、定期执行、线程中断
(2)线程池好处
a)重用存在的线程,减少对象创建、消亡的开销,性能佳
b)可有效控制最大并发线程数,提高系统资源的使用率,同时避免过多资源竞争,避免堵塞
c)提供定时执行、定期执行、单线程、并发数控制等功能
4. 线程池实现方式
(1)newCachedThreadPool
创建一个可缓存线程池,如果线程池长度超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程,若无可回收,则新建线程。
(2)newFixedThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池,可控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待。
(3)newSingleThreadPool
创建一个单线程化的线程池,只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定的顺序(FIFO LIFO 优先级)执行。
(4)newScheduledThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池,支持定时、周期性任务执行。
案例:
package com.example.m;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private Button btnthread;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
btnthread = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnthread);
btnthread.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
ExecutorService cacheThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
ExecutorService singleThreadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutorService = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
for(int i=1;i<=100;i++){
singleThreadPool.execute(new MyTask(i));
}
}
});
}
public void testThread(){
MyThread mt1 = new MyThread();
MyThread mt2 = new MyThread();
mt1.start();
mt2.start();
}
public void testRunnable(){
MyRunnable mr1 = new MyRunnable();
MyRunnable mr2 = new MyRunnable();
Thread t1 = new Thread(mr1);
Thread t2 = new Thread(mr2);
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
public void testSale(){
SaleTicket saleTicket = new SaleTicket();
Thread t1 = new Thread(saleTicket,"A代理");
Thread t2 = new Thread(saleTicket,"B代理");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
public void testScheduled(){
Log.e("TAG:","testScheduled");
ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutorService = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
// scheduledExecutorService.schedule(new Runnable() {
// @Override
// public void run() {
// Log.e("TAG:"," delay 3 seconds");
// }
// },3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
scheduledExecutorService.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Log.e("TAG:"," delay 2 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds ");
}
},2,3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
}
class MyThread extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
Log.e("TAG:",Thread.currentThread().getName()+".run");
}
}
class MyRunnable implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
Log.e("TAG:",Thread.currentThread().getName()+".run");
}
}
class SaleTicket implements Runnable{
private int ticket = 20;
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
synchronized (this){
if(ticket>0){
Log.e("TAG:",Thread.currentThread().getName()+"卖出了第"+(20-ticket+1)+"张票");
ticket--;
}else {
break;
}
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
class MyTask implements Runnable{
int index = 0;
public MyTask(int i){this.index = i;}
@Override
public void run() {
Log.e("TAG:",Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+index);
try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
}
}