SecurityException: Permission Denial: startForeground requires android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE

        记一次在生产环境时，安卓包在拍照后出现闪退的问题。

1、bug描述

【操作步骤】

1、app端进入租区报事，填写好表单信息；

2、添加图片-选择拍照-勾选已排好的照片


【实际结果】

出现白屏，然后应用闪退


【预期结果】

拍照上传成功

2、下面是错误日志

2022-12-19 17:56:56.465 26236-26236/? E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main

    Process: com.crlandmixc.cpms, PID: 26236

    java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to create service com.luck.picture.lib.service.ForegroundService: java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: startForeground from pid=26236, uid=10216 requires android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE

        at android.app.ActivityThread.handleCreateService(ActivityThread.java:5116)

        at android.app.ActivityThread.access$3000(ActivityThread.java:278)

        at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:2565)

        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:109)

        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:228)

        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:9105)

        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)

        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:614)

        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1129)

     Caused by: java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: startForeground from pid=26236, uid=10216 requires android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE

        at android.os.Parcel.createExceptionOrNull(Parcel.java:2390)

        at android.os.Parcel.createException(Parcel.java:2374)

        at android.os.Parcel.readException(Parcel.java:2357)

        at android.os.Parcel.readException(Parcel.java:2299)

        at android.app.IActivityManager$Stub$Proxy.setServiceForeground(IActivityManager.java:7118)

        at android.app.Service.startForeground(Service.java:715)

        at com.luck.picture.lib.service.ForegroundService.onCreate(ForegroundService.java:41)

        at android.app.ActivityThread.handleCreateService(ActivityThread.java:5102)

        at android.app.ActivityThread.access$3000(ActivityThread.java:278) 

        at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:2565) 

        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:109) 

        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:228) 

        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:9105) 

        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 

        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:614) 

        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1129) 

     Caused by: android.os.RemoteException: Remote stack trace:

        at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.enforcePermission(ActivityManagerService.java:6841)

        at com.android.server.am.ActiveServices.setServiceForegroundInnerLocked(ActiveServices.java:1522)

        at com.android.server.am.ActiveServices.setServiceForegroundLocked(ActiveServices.java:1166)

        at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.setServiceForeground(ActivityManagerService.java:16224)

        at android.app.IActivityManager$Stub.onTransact(IActivityManager.java:3260)

    callee: null 1508/2859

3、开发分析根因

 4、参考文章

 Caused by: java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: startForeground from pid=12394, uid=10302 requires android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE

        翻译：原因：java.lang.SecurityException:权限拒绝：StartForeground from PID=12394，ULD=10302需要android.permission.foreground

        Android在8.0开始限制后台服务，启动后台服务需要设置通知栏，使服务变成前台服务。同时在Android 9.0开始注册权限android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE，并授权权限。

从8.0开始启动服务需要进行判断出来如下：

    /**
     * Android 8.0及以后,启动服务的形式已经变了
     */
    private void startService(Context context) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(context, MyForegroundService.class);
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
            context.startForegroundService(intent);
        } else {
            context.startService(intent);
        }
    }

同时在Service的onCreate()方法里设置通知栏如下：

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
            NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel("xxx", "xxx", NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_LOW);
            NotificationManager manager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
            if (manager == null)
                return;
            manager.createNotificationChannel(channel);
            Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this, "xxx")
                    .setAutoCancel(true)
                    .setCategory(Notification.CATEGORY_SERVICE)
                    .setOngoing(true)
                    .setPriority(NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_LOW)
                    .build();
        }
    }