Java解析XML的四种方法

XML现在已经成为一种通用的数据交换格式,它的平台无关性,语言无关性,系统无关性,给数据集成与交互带来了极大的方便。对于XML本身的语法知识与技术细节,需要阅读相关的技术文献,这里面包括的内容有DOM(Document Object Model),DTD(Document Type Definition),SAX(Simple API for XML),XSD(Xml Schema Definition),XSLT(Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations),具体可参阅w3c官方网站文档http://www.w3.org获取更多信息。

XML在不同的语言里解析方式都是一样的,只不过实现的语法不同而已。基本的解析方式有两种,一种叫SAX，另一种叫DOM。SAX是基于事件流的解析,DOM是基于XML文档树结构的解析。

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项目结构图：

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假设我们XML的内容和结构如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<employees> 
    <employee> 
        <name>ddviplinux</name> 
        <sex>m</sex> 
        <age>30</age> 
    </employee> 
</employees>

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首先定义一个操作XML文档的接口XmlInterface，它定义了XML文档的建立与解析的接口。

XmlInterface.java

package xml;

/**
 * @description XML文档建立与解析的接口 
 */
public interface XmlInterface {   
    /**
     * @description 建立XML文档 
     * @param fileName 文件全路径名称 
     */ 
    public void createXml(String fileName);  
    /**
     * @description 
     * @param fileName 解析XML文档 
     */
    public void parserXml(String fileName);  
}

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1.DOM生成和解析XML文档

为 XML 文档的已解析版本定义了一组接口。解析器读入整个文档，然后构建一个驻留内存的树结构，然后代码就可以使用 DOM 接口来操作这个树结构。优点：整个文档树在内存中，便于操作；支持删除、修改、重新排列等多种功能；缺点：将整个文档调入内存（包括无用的节点），浪费时间和空间；使用场合：一旦解析了文档还需多次访问这些数据；硬件资源充足（内存、CPU）。

package xml;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

public class Dom implements XmlInterface{
    private Document document; 

    public void init(){
        DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        DocumentBuilder builder;
        try {
            builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
            this.document = builder.newDocument();
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }


    @Override
    public void createXml(String fileName) {
        Element root = this.document.createElement("employees"); 
        Element employee = this.document.createElement("employee");
        Element name = this.document.createElement("name");
        Element sex = this.document.createElement("sex");
        Element age = this.document.createElement("age");
        this.document.appendChild(root);
        name.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("sunshine"));
        sex.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("M"));
        age.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("20"));
        employee.appendChild(name);
        employee.appendChild(sex);
        employee.appendChild(age);
        root.appendChild(employee);

        TransformerFactory trf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();       
        try {
            Transformer tr = trf.newTransformer();
            DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document);
            tr.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "utf8");
            tr.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");

            PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileName));
            StreamResult result = new StreamResult(pw);
            tr.transform(source, result);
            System.out.println("生成xml文件成功！");
        } 
        catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } 
        catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace();
        } 
        catch (TransformerException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace();
        }    
    }

    @Override
    public void parserXml(String fileName) {
        try { 
            DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); 
            DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); 
            Document document = db.parse(fileName); 
            //找到employees结点
            Element employees = document.getDocumentElement(); 
            //找到employee集
            NodeList employeeList = employees.getChildNodes(); 
            for (int i = 0; i < employeeList.getLength(); i++) { 
                    Node node = employeeList.item(i); 
                    //细分到属性 比如name
                    NodeList employeeMeta = node.getChildNodes();  
                    for (int j = 0; j < employeeMeta.getLength(); j++) {   
                        if(! "#text".equals(employeeMeta.item(j).getNodeName())){
                            System.out.println(employeeMeta.item(j).getNodeName() + ":" + employeeMeta.item(j).getTextContent());
                        }
                    } 
            } 
            System.out.println("解析完毕"); 
        } 
        catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 
            System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
        }
        catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { 
            System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
        } 
        catch (SAXException e) { 
            System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
        } 
        catch (IOException e) { 
            System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
        } 

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Dom dom =  new Dom();
        dom.init();
        dom.createXml("dom.xml");   
        dom.parserXml("dom.xml");
    }
}

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2.SAX生成和解析XML文档

为解决DOM的问题，出现了SAX。SAX ，事件驱动。当解析器发现元素开始、元素结束、文本、文档的开始或结束等时，发送事件，程序员编写响应这些事件的代码，保存数据。优点：不用事先调入整个文档，占用资源少；SAX解析器代码比DOM解析器代码小，适于Applet，下载。缺点：不是持久的；事件过后，若没保存数据，那么数据就丢了；无状态性；从事件中只能得到文本，但不知该文本属于哪个元素；使用场合：Applet;只需XML文档的少量内容，很少回头访问；机器内存少；

package xml;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;


public class Sax implements XmlInterface{

    @Override
    public void createXml(String fileName) {
        System.out.println("<<"+fileName+">>");         
    }

    @Override
    public void parserXml(String fileName) {
        SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); 
        try { 
            SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser(); 
            InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName); 
            saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler()); 
        } 
        catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } 
        catch (SAXException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } 
        catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } 
        catch (IOException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } 
    }   
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Sax sax = new Sax();
        sax.createXml("sax.xml");
        sax.parserXml("sax.xml");
    }
}

class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler { 
    boolean hasAttribute = false; 
    Attributes attributes = null; 

    public void startDocument() throws SAXException { 
        System.out.println("文档开始打印了"); 
    } 

    public void endDocument() throws SAXException { 
        System.out.println("文档打印结束了"); 
    } 

    public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { 
        if (qName.equals("employees")) { 
            return; 
        } 
        if (qName.equals("employee")) { 
            System.out.println(qName); 
        } 
        if (attributes.getLength() > 0) { 
            this.attributes = attributes; 
            this.hasAttribute = true; 
        } 
    } 

    public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { 
        if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) { 
            for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) { 
                System.out.println(attributes.getQName(0) + attributes.getValue(0)); 
            } 
        }
    } 

    public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();  
        for(int i = start ; i < start+length ; i++){  
            switch(ch[i]){  
                case '\\':buffer.append("\\\\");break;  
                case '\r':buffer.append("\\r");break;  
                case '\n':buffer.append("\\n");break;  
                case '\t':buffer.append("\\t");break;  
                case '\"':buffer.append("\\\"");break;  
                default : buffer.append(ch[i]);   
            }  
        }  
        System.out.println(buffer);
    }   
}

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3.DOM4J生成和解析XML文档

DOM4J 是一个非常非常优秀的Java XML API，具有性能优异、功能强大和极端易用使用的特点，同时它也是一个开放源代码的软件。如今你可以看到越来越多的 Java 软件都在使用 DOM4J 来读写 XML，特别值得一提的是连 Sun 的 JAXM 也在用 DOM4J。

package xml;   
import java.io.File;   
import java.io.FileWriter;   
import java.io.IOException;    
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.Iterator;   
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element; 
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter; 

public class Dom4j implements XmlInterface {

    @Override
    public void createXml(String fileName) {
        Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();   
        Element employees = document.addElement("employees");   
        Element employee = employees.addElement("employee");   
        Element name = employee.addElement("name");   
        Element sex = employee.addElement("sex");   
        Element age = employee.addElement("age");           
        name.setText("sunshine");           
        sex.setText("M");           
        age.setText("20");   
        try {   
            Writer fileWriter=new FileWriter(fileName);   
            XMLWriter xmlWriter=new XMLWriter(fileWriter);   
            xmlWriter.write(document);   
            xmlWriter.close();   
        } catch (IOException e) {            
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());   
        }       
    }

    @Override
    public void parserXml(String fileName) {
        File inputXml=new File(fileName);   
        SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();   
        try {   
            Document document = saxReader.read(inputXml);  
            Element employees = document.getRootElement();      
            for(Iterator i = employees.elementIterator(); i.hasNext();){   
                Element employee = (Element) i.next();   
                for(Iterator j = employee.elementIterator(); j.hasNext();){   
                    Element node=(Element) j.next();   
                    System.out.println(node.getName()+":"+node.getText());   
                }    
            }   
        } 
        catch (DocumentException e) {   
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());   
        }   
    }  

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Dom4j dom4j = new Dom4j();
        dom4j.createXml("dom4j.xml");
        dom4j.parserXml("dom4j.xml");
    }
}   

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4.JDOM生成和解析XML

为减少DOM、SAX的编码量，出现了JDOM；优点：20-80原则，极大减少了代码量。使用场合：要实现的功能简单，如解析、创建等，但在底层，JDOM还是使用SAX（最常用）、DOM、Xanan文档。

package xml;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.JDOMException;
import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;

public class JDom implements XmlInterface {

    @Override
    public void createXml(String fileName) {
        Document document;
        Element root = new Element("employees");
        Element employee = new Element("employee");
        Element name = new Element("name");
        name.setText("sunshine");
        Element sex = new Element("sex");
        sex.setText("M");
        Element age = new Element("age");
        age.setText("23");

        document = new Document(root);
        root.addContent(employee);
        employee.addContent(name);
        employee.addContent(sex);
        employee.addContent(age);
        XMLOutputter XMLOut = new XMLOutputter();
        try {
            XMLOut.output(document, new FileOutputStream(fileName));
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void parserXml(String fileName) {
        SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder(false);
        try {
            Document document = builder.build(fileName);
            Element employees = document.getRootElement();
            List employeeList = employees.getChildren("employee");
            for (int i = 0; i < employeeList.size() ; i++) {
                Element employee = (Element) employeeList.get(i);
                List employeeInfo = employee.getChildren();
                for (int j = 0 ; j < employeeInfo.size() ; j++) {
                    System.out.println(((Element) employeeInfo.get(j)).getName()+ ":"+ ((Element) employeeInfo.get(j)).getValue());
                }
            }
        } catch (JDOMException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JDom jdom = new JDom();
        jdom.createXml("jdom.xml");
        jdom.parserXml("jdom.xml");
    }
}

创建的文件都用的相对路径，要去工作目录文件夹里找，eclipse没有显示出来。

项目工程下载