本文介绍了如何使用Django框架创建一个博客项目，包括博客列表、详情和标签的展示。详细步骤涉及设置模板路径、创建模板文件、注册模板、模型方法、URL配置、视图函数以及自定义模板标签的实现。
利用Django实现的功能如下：
- 博客列表显示
- 博客详情页显示
- 博客标签显示
具体实现过程如下：
1.在settings修改模板默认的位置：
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
# 'DIRS': [],
#相对位置好处在于避免文件夹移动和系统linux或windows改变带来的影响。
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]2.添加模板：
base.html:
{% load staticfiles %}
{% load blog_tags %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Black & White</title>
<!-- meta -->
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- css -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://code.ionicframework.com/ionicons/2.0.1/css/ionicons.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'blog/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'blog/css/pace.css' %}">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'blog/css/custom.css' %}">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'blog/css/highlights/github.css' %}">
<!-- js -->
<script src="{% static 'blog/js/jquery-2.1.3.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'blog/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'blog/js/pace.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'blog/js/modernizr.custom.js' %}"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<header id="site-header">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 col-sm-5 col-xs-8">
<div class="logo">
<h1><a href="index.html"><b>Black</b> & White</a></h1>
</div>
</div><!-- col-md-4 -->
<div class="col-md-8 col-sm-7 col-xs-4">
<nav class="main-nav" role="navigation">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" id="trigger-overlay" class="navbar-toggle">
<span class="ion-navicon"></span>
</button>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li class="cl-effect-11"><a href="index.html" data-hover="首页">首页</a></li>
<li class="cl-effect-11"><a href="full-width.html" data-hover="博客">博客</a></li>
<li class="cl-effect-11"><a href="about.html" data-hover="关于">关于</a></li>
<li class="cl-effect-11"><a href="contact.html" data-hover="联系">联系</a></li>
</ul>
</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
</nav>
<div id="header-search-box">
<a id="search-menu" href="#"><span id="search-icon" class="ion-ios-search-strong"></span></a>
<div id="search-form" class="search-form">
<form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" action="#">
<input type="search" placeholder="搜索" required>
<button type="submit"><span class="ion-ios-search-strong"></span></button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- col-md-8 -->
</div>
</header>
</div>
<div class="content-body">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<main class="col-md-8">
{% block main %}
{% endblock main %}
</main>
<aside class="col-md-4">
{% block toc %}
{% endblock toc %}
<div class="widget widget-recent-posts">
<h3 class="widget-title">最新文章</h3>
{% get_recent_posts as recent_post_list %}
<ul>
{% for post in recent_post_list %}
<li>
<a href="{{ post.get_absolute_url }}">{{ post.title }}</a>
</li>
{% empty %}
暂无文章！
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</div>
<div class="widget widget-archives">
<h3 class="widget-title">归档</h3>
{% archives as date_list %}
<ul>
{% for date in date_list %}
<li>
<a href="{% url 'blog:archives' date.year date.month %}">{{ date.year }}
年 {{ date.month }} 月</a>
</li>
{% empty %}
暂无归档！
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</div>
<div class="widget widget-category">
<h3 class="widget-title">分类</h3>
{% get_categories as category_list %}
<ul>
{% for category in category_list %}
<li>
<a href="#">{{ category.name }} <span
class="post-count">(13)</span></a>
</li>
{% empty %}
暂无分类！
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</div>
<div class="widget widget-tag-cloud">
<h3 class="widget-title">标签云</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#">Django</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">Python</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">Java</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">笔记</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">文档</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">AngularJS</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">CSS</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">JavaScript</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">Snippet</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">jQuery</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="rss">
<a href=""><span class="ion-social-rss-outline"></span> RSS 订阅</a>
</div>
</aside>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<footer id="site-footer">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<p class="copyright">© 2017
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<!-- Mobile Menu -->
<div class="overlay overlay-hugeinc">
<button type="button" class="overlay-close"><span class="ion-ios-close-empty"></span></button>
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href="index.html">首页</a></li>
<li><a href="full-width.html">博客</a></li>
<li><a href="about.html">关于</a></li>
<li><a href="contact.html">联系</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
<script src="{% static 'blog/js/script.js' %}"></script>
</body>
</html>detail.html:
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block main %}
<article class="post post-{{ post.pk }}">
<header class="entry-header">
<h1 class="entry-title">{{ post.title }}</h1>
<div class="entry-meta">
<span class="post-category"><a href="#">{{ post.category.name }}</a></span>
<span class="post-date"><a href="#"><time class="entry-date"
datetime="{{ post.created_time }}">{{ post.created_time }}</time></a></span>
<span class="post-author"><a href="#">{{ post.author }}</a></span>
<span class="comments-link"><a href="#">4 评论</a></span>
<span class="views-count"><a href="#">588 阅读</a></span>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-content clearfix">
{{ post.body|safe }}
</div>
</article>
<section class="comment-area" id="comment-area">
<hr>
<h3>发表评论</h3>
<form action="#" method="post" class="comment-form">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="id_name">名字：</label>
<input type="text" id="id_name" name="name" required>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="id_email">邮箱：</label>
<input type="email" id="id_email" name="email" required>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="id_url">网址：</label>
<input type="text" id="id_url" name="url">
</div>
<div class="col-md-12">
<label for="id_comment">评论：</label>
<textarea name="comment" id="id_comment" required></textarea>
<button type="submit" class="comment-btn">发表</button>
</div>
</div> <!-- row -->
</form>
<div class="comment-list-panel">
<h3>评论列表，共 <span>4</span> 条评论</h3>
<ul class="comment-list list-unstyled">
<li class="comment-item">
<span class="nickname">追梦人物</span>
<time class="submit-date" datetime="2012-11-09T23:15:57+00:00">2017年3月12日 14:56</time>
<div class="text">
文章观点又有道理又符合人性，这才是真正为了表达观点而写，不是为了迎合某某知名人士粉丝而写。我觉得如果琼瑶是前妻，生了三孩子后被一不知名的女人挖了墙角，我不信谁会说那个女人是追求真爱，说同情琼瑶骂小三的女人都是弱者。
</div>
</li>
<li class="comment-item">
<span class="nickname">zmrenwu</span>
<time class="submit-date" datetime="2012-11-09T23:15:57+00:00">2017年3月11日 23:56</time>
<div class="text">
本能有可能会冲破格局，但格局有时候也会拘住本能。
</div>
</li>
<li class="comment-item">
<span class="nickname">蝙蝠侠</span>
<time class="submit-date" datetime="2012-11-09T23:15:57+00:00">2017年3月9日 8:56</time>
<div class="text">
其实真理一般是属于沉默的大多数的。那些偏激的观点只能吸引那些同样偏激的人。前几年琼瑶告于妈抄袭，大家都表示大快人心，说明吃瓜观众都只是就事论事，并不是对琼瑶有偏见。
</div>
</li>
<li class="comment-item">
<span class="nickname">长江七号</span>
<time class="submit-date" datetime="2012-11-09T23:15:57+00:00">2017年2月12日 12:56</time>
<div class="text">
观点我很喜欢！就是哎嘛本来一清二楚的，来个小三小四乱七八糟一团乱麻夹缠不清，简直麻烦要死
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
{% endblock main %}
{% block toc %}
<div class="widget widget-content">
<h3 class="widget-title">文章目录</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#">教程特点</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">谁适合这个教程</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">在线预览</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">资源列表</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">获取帮助</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
{% endblock toc %}index.html:
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block main %}
{% for post in post_list %}
<article class="post post-{{ post.pk }}">
<header class="entry-header">
<h1 class="entry-title">
<a href="{{ post.get_absolute_url }}">{{ post.title }}</a>
</h1>
<div class="entry-meta">
<span class="post-category"><a href="#">{{ post.category.name }}</a></span>
<span class="post-date"><a href="#"><time class="entry-date"
datetime="{{ post.created_time }}">{{ post.created_time }}</time></a></span>
<span class="post-author"><a href="#">{{ post.author }}</a></span>
<span class="comments-link"><a href="#">4 评论</a></span>
<span class="views-count"><a href="#">588 阅读</a></span>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-content clearfix">
<p>{{ post.excerpt }}</p>
<div class="read-more cl-effect-14">
<a href="{{ post.get_absolute_url }}" class="more-link">继续阅读 <span class="meta-nav">→</span></a>
</div>
</div>
</article>
{% empty %}
<div class="no-post">暂时还没有发布的文章！</div>
{% endfor %}
<!-- 简单分页效果
<div class="pagination-simple">
<a href="#">上一页</a>
<span class="current">第 6 页 / 共 11 页</span>
<a href="#">下一页</a>
</div>
-->
<div class="pagination">
<ul>
<li><a href="">1</a></li>
<li><a href="">...</a></li>
<li><a href="">4</a></li>
<li><a href="">5</a></li>
<li class="current"><a href="">6</a></li>
<li><a href="">7</a></li>
<li><a href="">8</a></li>
<li><a href="">...</a></li>
<li><a href="">11</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
{% endblock main %}3.添加注册模板:
{%block title%}登录页面{%endblock%}
{%block content%}
<h2>登录页面</h2>
<form method='post'>
{% csrf_token%}
{{form.as_p}}
<button type='submit'>登录</button>
</form>
{%endblock%}4.在post模型中添加获取url的方法：
class Post(models.Model):
...
def get_absolute_url(self):
#blog是url中的命名空间。
return reverse('blog:detail' ,kwargs={'pk':self.pk})5.urls.py中添加命名空间和相关的url：
from django.conf.urls import url
from blog import views
app_name='blog'
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),
url(r'^(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.detail, name='detail'),
url(r'^archives/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{1,2})/$', views.archives, name='archives'),
]6.views.py中添加相关的视图函数：
from django.shortcuts import render,get_object_or_404
# Create your views here.
from django.http import HttpResponse
from .models import Post
import markdown
...
def detail(request, pk):
post = get_object_or_404(Post, pk=pk)
post.views += 1
post.save()
post.body = markdown.markdown(post.body,
extensions=[
'markdown.extensions.extra',
'markdown.extensions.codehilite',
'markdown.extensions.toc'],)
return render(request,'blog/detail.html', context={'post':post})
def archives(request, year, month):
post_list = Post.objects.filter(created_time__year=year,
created_time__month=month).order_by('-created_time')
return render(request, 'blog/index.html', context={'post_list':post_list})
def category(request, pk):
post_list = Post.objects.filter(category_id=pk).order_by('-created_time')
return render(request, 'blog/index.html', context={'post_list':post_list})7.主urls中添加用户登录登出的功能：
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth import views as auth_views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^', include('blog.urls')),
url(r'^login/$', auth_views.login, name='login'),
url(r'^logout/$', auth_views.logout, name='logout'),
]8.在blog.templatetags中添加blog_tags.py:
生成自定义的模板标签，并注册模板标签。
from django import template
from ..models import Post, Category
register = template.Library()
@register.simple_tag
def get_recent_posts(num=5):
return Post.objects.all().order_by('-created_time')[:num]
@register.simple_tag
def archives():
return Post.objects.dates('created_time', 'month', order='DESC')
@register.simple_tag
def get_categories():
return Category.objects.all()
扫一扫
1022
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
