自定义类加载器

关于ClassLoader的javaDoc 文档描述：

/**
* A class loader is an object that is responsible for loading classes. The class ClassLoader is an abstract class. Given the binary name of a class,
* a class loader should attempt to locate or generate data that constitutes a definition for the class.
* A typical strategy is to transform the name into a file name and then read a “class file” of that name from a file system.
* Every Class object contains a reference to the ClassLoader that defined it.
* Class objects for array classes are not created by class loaders, but are created automatically as required by the Java runtime. (主要 String[] 数组的类加载器为null),基础数据类型也为null
* The class loader for an array class, as returned by Class.getClassLoader() is the same as the class loader for its element type;
* if the element type is a primitive type, then the array class has no class loader.
* Applications implement subclasses of ClassLoader in order to extend the manner in which the Java virtual machine dynamically loads classes.
* Class loaders may typically be used by security managers to indicate security domains.
* The ClassLoader class uses a delegation model to search for classes and resources.
* Each instance of ClassLoader has an associated parent class loader.
When requested to find a class or resource, a ClassLoader instance will delegate the search for the class or resource to its parent class loader before attempting to find the class or resource itself.*(双亲委派机制)**
* The virtual machine’s built-in(内嵌） class loader, called the “bootstrap class loader”, does not itself have a parent but may serve as the parent of a ClassLoader instance.
* Class loaders that support concurrent loading of classes are known as parallel capable class loaders and are required to register themselves at their class initialization time by invoking the ClassLoader.registerAsParallelCapable method.
* Note that the ClassLoader class is registered as parallel capable by default.
* However, its subclasses still need to register themselves if they are parallel capable.
* In environments in which the delegation model is not strictly hierarchical,
* class loaders need to be parallel capable,
* otherwise class loading can lead to deadlocks because the loader lock is held for the duration of the class loading process (see loadClass methods).
*/
However, some classes may not originate from a file; they may originate from other sources, such as the network, or they could be constructed by an application. The method defineClass converts an array of bytes into an instance of class Class. Instances of this newly defined class can be created using Class.newInstance.
The methods and constructors of objects created by a class loader may reference other classes. To determine the class(es) referred to, the Java virtual machine invokes the loadClass method of the class loader that originally created the class.
For example, an application could create a network class loader to download class files from a server. Sample code might look like:
ClassLoader loader = new NetworkClassLoader(host, port);
Object main = loader.loadClass(“Main”, true).newInstance();
. . .

The network class loader subclass must define the methods findClass and loadClassData to load a class from the network. Once it has downloaded the bytes that make up the class, it should use the method defineClass to create a class instance. A sample implementation is:
class NetworkClassLoader extends ClassLoader {
String host;
int port;

     public Class findClass(String name) {
         byte[] b = loadClassData(name);
         return defineClass(name, b, 0, b.length);
     }

     private byte[] loadClassData(String name) {
         // load the class data from the connection
          . . .
     }
 }

示例：
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;

/**
 * @Author: liutengyuan
 * @Date: 2019/5/18 4:31
 * @Copyright 本内容仅限于**公司内部传阅，禁止外泄以及用于其他的商业目的
 */
public class UserClassLoader extends ClassLoader {
    private String classLoaderName;
    private String fileExtension = ".class";

    public UserClassLoader(String classLoaderName){
        super();
        this.classLoaderName = classLoaderName;
    }

    public UserClassLoader (String classLoaderName, ClassLoader parent){
        super(parent);// 显式指定该类加载器的父类 A-》B-》appClassLoader
        this.classLoaderName = classLoaderName;
    }

    public byte[] loadClassData(String name){
        byte[] bytes = null;
        InputStream ins = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = null;
        try {
            URL url = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("");    // 注意此处是普通的Helloword应用获取类路径方式，spring-boot项目不能用此方式获取
            File file = new File(url.getPath(),name + fileExtension);
            // File file = new File("D:\\develop11\\pro1\\out\\production\\pro1" ,name + fileExtension);
            ins = new FileInputStream(file);
            bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            int ch = 0;
            while ((ch = ins.read())!= -1){
                bos.write(ch);
            }
            bytes = bos.toByteArray();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                ins.close();
                bos.close();
            }catch (Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return bytes;
    }

    @Override
    protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        byte[] bytes = this.loadClassData(name);
        return defineClass(name, bytes, 0, bytes.length);
    }


}

class Test{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ClassLoader classLoader = new UserClassLoader("UserClassLoader");
        Class<?> clazz = ((UserClassLoader) classLoader).findClass("Test");
        Object o = clazz.newInstance();
        System.out.println(o);
    }
   }