Android页面嵌套那些事

前段时间做一个页面需求，就是经典的复杂嵌套，scrollview嵌套viewPager+fragment,其中fragment是一个recyclerView,虽然官方不建议这种页面嵌套，但这种页面布局在开发中是很常见的一种，此篇文章记录一下开发过程中页面中的各种嵌套问题，包括viewPager的高度自适应问题。

一.ScrollView嵌套ListView

ScrollView嵌套ListView,是最基础的一种页面嵌套，会发现ScrollView嵌套ListView时候ListView内容只会显示一行，那么这是为什么呢？
从源码角度分析：
查看ScrollView源码：
在onMeasure()调用super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec),关于父类ViewGroup的onMeasure()方法如下：

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            final View child = getChildAt(i);
            if (mMeasureAllChildren || child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
                measureChildWithMargins(child, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec, 0);
                final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
                maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth,
                        child.getMeasuredWidth() + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin);
                maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight,
                        child.getMeasuredHeight() + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);
                childState = combineMeasuredStates(childState, child.getMeasuredState());
                if (measureMatchParentChildren) {
                    if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT ||
                            lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                        mMatchParentChildren.add(child);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

其中在父类ViewGroup中的measureChildWithMargins()方法中进行子View的测量，如下：

protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,
            int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
            int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
        final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

        final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
                        + widthUsed, lp.width);
        final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
                        + heightUsed, lp.height);

        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    }

会根据父元素的parentWidthMeasureSpec、parentHeightMeasureSpec的测量规格，得到子元素的childWidthMeasureSpec 、childHeightMeasureSpec 测量规格，在其过程中并未改变子元素的测量模式，而ScrollView重写了此方法，如下：

@Override
    protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
            int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
        final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

        final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
                        + widthUsed, lp.width);
        final int usedTotal = mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin +
                heightUsed;
        final int childHeightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeSafeMeasureSpec(
                Math.max(0, MeasureSpec.getSize(parentHeightMeasureSpec) - usedTotal),
                MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED);//UNSPECIFIED模式

        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    }

其中在构建子元素的高度测量规格childHeightMeasureSpec 时，已经把子元素的测量模式设置成了UNSPECIFIED模式。
所以我们看下ListView的测量模式，查看源码，在ListView的onMeasure()方法中：

...
if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED) {
            widthSize = mListPadding.left + mListPadding.right + childWidth +
                    getVerticalScrollbarWidth();
        } else {
            widthSize |= (childState & MEASURED_STATE_MASK);
        }

        if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED) {//UNSPECIFIED时显示一行的高度
            heightSize = mListPadding.top + mListPadding.bottom + childHeight +
                    getVerticalFadingEdgeLength() * 2;
        }

        if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
            // TODO: after first layout we should maybe start at the first visible position, not 0
            heightSize = measureHeightOfChildren(widthMeasureSpec, 0, NO_POSITION, heightSize, -1);
        }
 ...

如果当高度的测量模式为UNSPECIFIED，此时的ListView的高度就是一行的高度，如果是AT_MOST的话会调用measureHeightOfChildren方法计算高度。
所以解决方法就是自定义listview,重写onMeasure()方法，改变其测试模式：

@Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        int newHeightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(Integer.MAX_VALUE>>2, 
                MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, newHeightMeasureSpec);
    }

此时疑问为什么设置高度为Integer.MAX_VALUE>>2呢？
因为在上述ListView的measureHeightOfChildren()方法中，如下：

...
for (i = startPosition; i <= endPosition; ++i) {
            child = obtainView(i, isScrap);

            measureScrapChild(child, i, widthMeasureSpec, maxHeight);

            if (i > 0) {
                // Count the divider for all but one child
                returnedHeight += dividerHeight;
            }

            // Recycle the view before we possibly return from the method
            if (recyle && recycleBin.shouldRecycleViewType(
                    ((LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams()).viewType)) {
                recycleBin.addScrapView(child, -1);
            }

            returnedHeight += child.getMeasuredHeight();//累加每个item的高度

            if (returnedHeight >= maxHeight) {//大于maxHeight
                // We went over, figure out which height to return.  If returnedHeight > maxHeight,
                // then the i'th position did not fit completely.
                return (disallowPartialChildPosition >= 0) // Disallowing is enabled (> -1)
                            && (i > disallowPartialChildPosition) // We've past the min pos
                            && (prevHeightWithoutPartialChild > 0) // We have a prev height
                            && (returnedHeight != maxHeight) // i'th child did not fit completely
                        ? prevHeightWithoutPartialChild
                        : maxHeight;
            }

            if ((disallowPartialChildPosition >= 0) && (i >= disallowPartialChildPosition)) {
                prevHeightWithoutPartialChild = returnedHeight;
            }
        }
        return returnedHeight;//返回listview的真实高度
...

设置为Integer.MAX_VALUE>>2的话，maxHeight为此值，当小于maxHeight的时候，就直接返回ListView的真实高度。

二.Scrollview嵌套RecyclerView

RecyclerView内容只显示了一行，因为RecyclerView高度问题，解决方法如下：
对于RecyclerView的LayoutManager设置自定义GridLayoutManager：

public class FullyGridLayoutManager extends GridLayoutManager {
  public FullyGridLayoutManager(Context context, int spanCount) {
    super(context, spanCount);
  }

  public FullyGridLayoutManager(Context context, int spanCount, int orientation,
                                boolean reverseLayout) {
    super(context, spanCount, orientation, reverseLayout);
  }

  private int[] mMeasuredDimension = new int[2];

  @Override
  public void onMeasure(RecyclerView.Recycler recycler, RecyclerView.State state, int widthSpec,
                        int heightSpec) {
    final int widthMode = View.MeasureSpec.getMode(widthSpec);
    final int heightMode = View.MeasureSpec.getMode(heightSpec);
    final int widthSize = View.MeasureSpec.getSize(widthSpec);
    final int heightSize = View.MeasureSpec.getSize(heightSpec);

    int width = 0;
    int height = 0;
    int count = getItemCount();
    int span = getSpanCount();
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
      measureScrapChild(recycler, i,
          View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(i, View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED),
          View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(i, View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED), mMeasuredDimension);

      if (getOrientation() == HORIZONTAL) {
        if (i % span == 0) {
          width = width + mMeasuredDimension[0];
        }
        if (i == 0) {
          height = mMeasuredDimension[1];
        }
      } else {
        if (i % span == 0) {
          height = height + mMeasuredDimension[1];
        }
        if (i == 0) {
          width = mMeasuredDimension[0] * getSpanCount();
        }
      }
    }

    switch (widthMode) {
      case View.MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
        width = widthSize;
      case View.MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
      case View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
    }

    switch (heightMode) {
      case View.MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
        height = heightSize;
      case View.MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
      case View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
    }

    setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
  }

  private void measureScrapChild(RecyclerView.Recycler recycler, int position, int widthSpec,
                                 int heightSpec, int[] measuredDimension) {
    if (position < getItemCount()) {
      try {
        View view = recycler.getViewForPosition(0);//fix 动态添加时报IndexOutOfBoundsException
        if (view != null) {
          RecyclerView.LayoutParams p = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) view.getLayoutParams();
          int childWidthSpec =
              ViewGroup.getChildMeasureSpec(widthSpec, getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight(),
                  p.width);
          int childHeightSpec =
              ViewGroup.getChildMeasureSpec(heightSpec, getPaddingTop() + getPaddingBottom(),
                  p.height);
          view.measure(childWidthSpec, childHeightSpec);
          measuredDimension[0] = view.getMeasuredWidth() + p.leftMargin + p.rightMargin;
          measuredDimension[1] = view.getMeasuredHeight() + p.bottomMargin + p.topMargin;
          recycler.recycleView(view);
        }
      } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
  }
}

用于ScrollView嵌套grid状态下的RecyclerView完全显示。

三.Scrollview嵌套ViewPager+Fragment

Scrollview嵌套ViewPager+Fragment,其中每个Fragment嵌套了RecyclerView:
运行结果发现RecyclerView内容不显示，因为ScrollView嵌套ViewPager的高度问题，解决方法：
ViewPager需要使用自定义ViewPager,设置ViewPager高度，如下：

public class ViewPagerForScrollView extends ViewPager {

  public ViewPagerForScrollView(Context context) {
    super(context);
  }

  public ViewPagerForScrollView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
    super(context, attrs);
  }

  @Override protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    int height = 0;
    //取最高的子View为ViewPager的高度
    for (int i = 0; i < getChildCount(); i++) {
      View child = getChildAt(i);
      child.measure(widthMeasureSpec, MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0, MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED));
      int h = child.getMeasuredHeight();
      if (h > height) height = h;
    }

    heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(height, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);

    super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
  }
}

重新onMeasure方法，获取最高的子view高度为ViewPager的高度，解决ScrollView嵌套ViewPager时wrap_content属性不起作用，不能看到ViewPager内容问题。
此时如果几个ViewPager页面的高度不一样，那直接获取最高的子view高度为ViewPager的高度就会存在有的ViewPager子页面会显示一截白色空白页面，影响用户体验，所以需要实现ViewPager高度的自适应。
如下，自定义ViewPager:

public class AutoHeightViewPager extends ViewPager {
  public AutoHeightViewPager(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
    super(context, attrs);
  }

  @Override
  protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
    // find the current child view
    // and you must cache all the child view
    // use setOffscreenPageLimit(adapter.getCount())
    View view = getChildAt(getCurrentItem());
    if (view != null) {
      // measure the current child view with the specified measure spec
      view.measure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
    }

    int height = measureHeight(heightMeasureSpec, view);
    setMeasuredDimension(getMeasuredWidth(), height);
  }

  /**
   * Determines the height of this view
   *
   * @param measureSpec A measureSpec packed into an int
   * @param view the base view with already measured height
   *
   * @return The height of the view, honoring constraints from measureSpec
   */
  private int measureHeight(int measureSpec, View view) {
    int result = 0;
    int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
    int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

    if (specMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
      result = specSize;
    } else {
      if (view != null) {
        result = view.getMeasuredHeight();
      }
      if (specMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
        result = Math.min(result, specSize);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }
}

此时再次运行页面可以正常显示，但点击tab切换Fragment页面时会出现白色闪过，考虑是动画问题，查看源码知通过调用mViewPager.setCurrentItem(tab.getPosition(), false);
可以屏蔽动画，解决上述问题。
现在基本达到了需求想要的效果，但发现设置默认显示的Fragment并未起作用，所以通过：

mViewPager.post(new Runnable() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
        mViewPager.setCurrentItem(mPosition);
      }
    });

设置post,防止设置默认currentItem的Fragment不显示问题。
后续需求中需要禁止ViewPager的左右滑动问题，通过在自定义AutoHeightViewPager文件中添加以下代码实现：

private boolean isCanScroll = true;
 /**
   * 设置其是否能滑动换页
   * @param isCanScroll false 不能换页， true 可以滑动换页
   */
  public void setScanScroll(boolean isCanScroll) {
    this.isCanScroll = isCanScroll;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    return isCanScroll && super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    return isCanScroll && super.onTouchEvent(ev);
  }

至此ViewPager+Fragment问题告一段落。
以上为遇到问题和解决方法，后续补充源码分析…